職場社會心理因素、疲勞狀態與工作滿意之相關研究

A Study on the Relationship among Socio-Psychological Factors, Burnout and Job Satisfaction

李韋勳(Li, Wei-Hsun)

指導教授 ： 梁世安

國立臺北大學/商學院/企業管理學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

在「高齡化」與「少子化」雙重因素的影響下，國家與個別企業都將面臨人力資源短缺與中高齡人口比例增加的趨勢，企業該如何管理與因應，為本研究之重心之一。另一方面，工作壓力議題受到國人關切的程度日趨上升，當工作者長期身處工作壓力之下可能引發多種健康問題，在產生病症之前，「疲勞」乃是工作壓力致病過程機制中一個初期較容易被偵測的徵兆，但綜觀國內人力資源領域之相關文獻回顧，疲勞之相關研究是較少被探討的，因此本研究除了探討工作自主性、工作負荷、工作保障與組織正義等職場社會心理因素，以及個人屬性對工作滿意之影響外，另外加入疲勞變項加以探討，並探討職場社會心理因素於疲勞狀態對工作滿意是否具有調節效果，最後再以中高齡工作者於職場社會心理因素、疲勞狀態與工作滿意之差異，對中高齡工作者之相關特性作一初步的了解。本研究資料來自於2007年一全國性調查之資料庫，有效調查樣本包括19011位受僱者及5541位雇主及自營作業者，有效回收率分別為84.6%及88.8%。研究以此資料庫探討受僱者之職場社會心理因素、個人屬性與疲勞感受對工作滿意之相關影響，並以SPSS 17.0中文版套裝軟體對研究假設進行驗證。研究結果顯示：1. 職場社會心理因素之工作自主、工作保障與組織正義對之工作滿意有正向顯著影響，工作負荷對工作滿意則呈現負向顯著影響。2. 疲勞狀態之個人疲勞、工作疲勞與服務對象疲勞對工作滿意具有負向顯著影響，工作過度投入對工作滿意則呈現正向顯著影響。3. 個人屬性之年齡、教育程度、工作年資與職業別對工作滿意有顯著差異影響，其中性別對工作滿意則無顯著差異影響。4. 職場社會心理因素在疲勞狀態對工作滿意具有顯著調節效果。透過本研究對於工作自主性、工作負荷、工作保障與組織正義等職場社會心理因素與心理層面之疲勞感受對工作滿意之影響結果，期能提供學者或企業管理者作為一個管理與後續研究之參考基礎，進而發展中高齡人力資源之相關管理與運用策略，以期達到「恢復職場精神：提昇與促進員工心理健康與組織效能」之事功。

關鍵字

中高齡；職場社會心理因素；疲勞；工作滿意

並列摘要

Affected by the double factors of “aging” and “declining birth rate”, each country and enterprise all will encounter the trend of the shortage of human resource and the rise of middle-aged and aged population. Therefore, for enterprises, how should they manage and cope with the problem of the emergence of a great amount of middle-aged and aged workers in the future is one of the focuses in this study. On the other hand, nationals are increasingly concerned about the issue of work stress. When workers are under stress for a long time, it may cause a variety of sickness. Before they occur, “burnout” is a sign which is easier to be detected in the beginning stage in the process that stress leads to diseases; however, after reviewing domestic literature related to human resource, it was found out that the issue of burnout was less investigated. Hence, besides the socio-psychological factors in the workplace such as job autonomy, workload, job security, and organizational justice, this study additionally investigated the variable of burnout and also investigated whether these socio-psychological factors have mediating effects on job satisfaction and finally used these middle-aged and aged workers’ differences in the socio-psychological factors, burnout and job satisfaction to obtain a preliminary understanding about their characteristics. Data in this study came from a database of a nationwide survey in 2007; valid samples included 19011 employees, 5541 employers and self-employed persons, and valid return rates were 84.6% and 88.8%. The major subjects of this study were employees. This study used the database to investigate the affects of those employees’ socio-psychological factors, personal characteristics and burnout level on job satisfaction and used SPSS 17.0 package software (Chinese version) to verify the hypotheses. The results showed that: 1.For socio-psychological factors in workplace, job autonomy, job security and organizational justice had a positive and significant affect on job satisfaction, and workload had a negative and significant affect on it. 2. Personal burnout, job burnout, and burnout of subjects who are served had a negative and significant affect on job satisfaction, and job over-involvement had a positive and significant affect on it. 3. For personal characteristics, the affects of age, education, seniority, and occupation had on job satisfaction were significantly different; among them, gender had no significant affect on it. 4. Socio-psychological factors in workplace had a positive and significant mediating effect on job satisfaction. It was expected to provide scholars and managers of enterprises with a reference and basis for management and future studies and further for the development of the management and applying strategies of middle-aged and aged human resources in the hope to achieve the task of “restoring workplace vitality; advancing and promoting employees’ psychological health and organizational effectiveness”.

並列關鍵字

Middle-Aged；Socio-Psychological factors； Burnout；Job Satisfaction

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