清世宗朝養廉銀政策制定之研究—多元流觀點

THE STUDY OF THE POLICY-MAKING OF NOURISHING HONESTY SILVER IN DYNASTY OF QING-SHIZONG

李創明(Chuang-Ming Lee)

指導教授 ： 顧慕晴

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/博士(2013年)

摘要

本研究之主要目的，包括：1.對「清世宗朝養廉銀政策制定」賦予新意，以不同的角度加以解釋。2.梳理多元流理論，將多元流理論中的重要支流與關鍵要點作整理，以作為本論文架構的指引。3.藉多元流架構，解釋清世宗朝養廉銀政策制定的形成過程。4.從多元流理論，探討清世宗朝養廉銀政策制定之政策窗的開啟關鍵時點。
其次，在研究文獻方面，主要包括清朝官方資料、書籍、期刊、論文、外文書籍期刊與網站資料等。而在研究方法方面，係採用文獻探討法、歷史研究法、比較分析法等。
再者，在研究內容方面，包括：一、問題面向，包括焦點事件（軍事、薪俸、公費）、問題界定（貪污、虧空、陋規、私派）、財源限制（經費不足）、問題反饋（效益或負面效應）；二、政策面向，包括政策方案、政策對話、技術可行性、價值接受性；三、政治面向，包括政權更迭（帝王思維、價值觀）、政治情勢（官僚情況、吏治整頓）、國家氛圍（農民抗爭事件）、壓力團體（臣僚相互爭辯）；四、干擾變數，包括政策機會窗與匯合、政策企業家、外溢效果、軟化；五、政策制定，議程設定、決策制定。
最後，在研究結果方面，分別以研究問題解析、研究發現、理論探討與研究貢獻作為本研究之代結論。
總之，本研究係以公共政策反階段研究途徑之「垃圾桶決策模式」之修正理論為主要架構，即以John W. Kingdon所提出的多元流理論，並以養廉銀作實例分析，說明當時「問題面」、「政治面」及「政策面」的情況，分析清政府在實施養廉銀決策過程中，從問題形成到決策制定的經過，與之後的效應，並提出發現與結論以供參考。

關鍵字

養廉銀；政策制定；議程設定；政策窗；政策企業家；匯合；外溢；軟化

並列摘要

Main objectives of the study include: First. Giving "Dynasty of Qing-Shizong making policy of nourishing honesty silver" new meanings, to be explained in terms of different views. Second. Combing multiple streams theory, to deal with major tributary and key points of multiple streams theory, and to guide framework of the thesis. Third. Explaining development’s process of formation of the silver honesty policy of the Qing-Shizong by multi-streams’ structure. Fouth. Studying an opportunity’s window nourishing honesty silver policy-making of Qing-Shizong for opening a key timing, from the theory of multiple streams.
Secondly, in terms of research literature, including the Qing dynasty official data, books, periodicals, theses, foreign-language books, periodicals and website data, etc. In terms of research methods, adopt literature method, history method, comparative analysis’ method.
Furthermore, in research content aspects, including, First, the problem aspect: focusing events (military, and salaries, and at official expense), and problem definition (corruption, embezzlement, objectionable practices, and privately levied), financial sources limit (funding insufficient), and problem feedback (benefits or negative effect); Second, the policy aspect, including policy alternatives, and policy dialogue, and technology feasibility, and value acceptability; Third, the political aspect, including regime change (imperial thinking, and values), political circumstances(bureaucratic situation, official rectify), and national mood (farmers fight event), pressure groups (official in feudal times arguing with each other); Fourth, the moderating variables: windows of opportunity, convergence, spillover effects, policy entrepreneurs, softening up; Fifth, the policy-making: agenda setting, decision making.
Finally, in study result, to resolve respectively the study problems, the study discovery, theory discussion and the study contribution, as the conclusions of the dissertation.
All in all, the Research adopt revised theory of "Garbage decision-making model", non-phase（or anti-phase） perspective of public policy, as the main framework, namely John w. Kingdon proposed the model of multiple streams, and analyzing the case of nourishing honesty silver, shows that "problem stream", "politics stream" and "policy stream", analysis of Qing government in the decision-making process in the implementation of nourishing honesty silver, formed process from the problems to the decision-making, and brought about effects after that, and proposed discoveries and conclusions for reference.

並列關鍵字

the silver of nourishing honesty ； policy-making ； agenda setting ； policy window ； policy entrepreneur ； coupling ； spillovers ； softening up

參考文獻

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