燃料電池電動輔助自行車控制系統設計與製作

Design and manufacture of hybrid fuel cell electrically assisted bicycle management system

蔡銘佑(Ming-you Tsai)

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/動力機械工程研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究主要目的為改善燃料電池電動輔助自行車之燃料電池功率較大、成本較高及里程數不足之問題。因此，本系統規劃結合人力、燃料電池及輔助電池三者，將燃料電池與輔助電池並聯使用，並在定速、減速時對輔助電池進行電能回充。所完成的系統整體性能足符行駛需求，亦能減少燃料電池功率需求，以增加系統實用性。
本文先依據相關數學模式，以MATLAB�Simulink軟體建構反向動態模型，以了解系統運作情形，並得出最適宜的系統規格與最佳的控制策略，作為系統設計時的參考依據。在燃料電池電動輔助自行車控制系統設計與製作分三階段進行，首先選定系統規格與架構，其次對自行車馬達控制器、燃料電池系統、殘電量計、能源管理控制器與主控制器等進行設計與製作，並於測試平台進行系統整合與性能測試。其中，能源管理系統主要是用來規劃兩套電能系統的能源分配，以滿足系統需求，並以電動輔助馬達模擬常人之舒適踏力。
本研究在性能測試部分，分別以純電動模式、純燃料電池模式及混成動力模式進行，以得出最佳控制模式。實驗結果顯示，藉由能源管理系統運作，混成動力模式能提高其行駛里程數，改善一般電動輔助自行車里程數不足之缺點。
本文所發展的燃料電池電動輔助自行車確屬可行，值得後續研究者加以推廣應用。

並列摘要

The aim of this research is to improve the performance of a fuel cell electric bicycle, and try to solve the classic problems of the necessity of a big power stack, high cost and short cruise distance. Hence, a system integrated of manpower, fuel cells and auxiliary batteries was created, which the fuel cells and auxiliary battery were connected in parallel, battery recharging will be carried out during the constant speed and deceleration periods. This system can fulfill the requirement of cycling, and reduce the required fuel cells power to meet the practical use.
Based on related mathematic models, commercial software – MATLAB / Simulink was adopted to build a dynamic model in reverse way, in order to understand the operation condition of the system, and to find out the optimum system specification and the best system control strategy, which can all be referred for the system design. There are three steps in design and manufacture of the control system for an electric bicycle with auxiliary fuel cell power. The first step is to decide the system specification and construction, next is to design and manufacture the motor controller, the fuel cell system, the state of charge meter, the energy management controller and the master controller, and the last step is to integrate all of them into a bench platform for system performance test. The energy management system primarily dominates the distribution of two power sources to meet the requirement of system, and control an electric motor to simulate the applying power from the foot under comfortable condition.
For the performance tests, battery mode, fuel cell mode and hybrid mode were used to gain the optimized control method. The results showed that, by the operation of energy management system, hybrid mode increased the cruise distance to solve the classic problem of normal electric bicycle.
The hybrid fuel cell electrically assisted bicycle of this study is workable, and worthy to apply for future research.

參考文獻

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