台灣地區高齡受刑人在監適應問題之研究─以監禁處遇、監禁壓力及社會支持為例

A Study on Prison Adaptation of Elderly Inmates in Taiwan─Imprisonment Treatment 、 Imprisonment Pressure and Social Support as an example

黃維賢(Wei-hsien Huang)

指導教授 ： 楊士隆

國立中正大學/教育學院/犯罪防治學系/博士(2013年)

摘要

隨著人口結構的推移與高齡社會的來臨，高齡受刑人必逐漸增加。為期有助於瞭解高齡受刑人增加後所可能形成的矯正問題，本研究針對65歲以上高齡受刑人採取以量化為主、質性為輔的研究方法，2013年4月24日至5月23日期間前往新竹、桃園女子監獄實施深度訪談，經逐一邀請有意願者計有男性受刑人5人、女性受刑人2人進行訪談。同年7月30日至8月21日前往各監獄實施問卷調查，計發出男722 份、女53份，回收有效樣本男488份、女38份，回收有效率男67.59％、女71.70％。
研究結果發現：高齡受刑人為監獄內之弱勢族群，監獄擁擠問題，直接衝擊著高齡受刑人的在監適應。監獄的硬體及處遇設計，未能顧及高齡受刑人的需求，有改善的空間，且管教人員的積極功能仍有待提昇。高齡受刑人被霸凌或欺負容易發生在服刑初期，霸凌或欺負方式主要是言語刺激且與自治幹部及房規有關。高齡受刑人渴求家人的支持，認同與肯定宗教志工的輔導，在監適應策略上，採消極策略應付年輕受刑族群。從在監適應之徑路分析模式顯示，設施壓力對高齡受刑人心理抑鬱程度的增加最具影響力，其次為欺凌。欺凌對高齡受刑人的監獄化程度增加最具影響力，其次為規矩壓力、友人支持。欺凌對高齡受刑人違規行為的增加最具影響力，其次為家人支持。
綜上，提出如下建議，做為高齡受刑人政策制訂與實務工作推動的思考方向：一、在刑事政策層面：（一）對於常習累犯應刑罰加重與保安處分兼施（二）減少短期自由刑之使用（三）儘可能使用社區性犯罪矯正措施制裁高齡受刑人（四）不宜輕率應允以終身監禁做為取代死刑執行之方式。二、在犯罪矯正行政層面：（一）規劃專門監獄或指定專區收容高齡受刑人，給予長期生活照護（二）監獄應設置無障礙舍房（三）加強衛生預防與醫療服務（四）開發老人活動方案宣洩其情緒（五）結合社會資源提供社會支持（六）做好更生安置與安寧照護服務。三、建立高齡監獄（專區）設置參考原則。

關鍵字

社會支持 ； 監禁處遇 ； 監禁壓力 ； 高齡受刑人 ； 在監適應

並列摘要

With the change of population structure and elderly society's coming, the elderly inmates are inevitable increase gradually. However, the policies have ignored tremendously the elderly inmates. To solve this issue, this research was concerned with inmates those were over 65 years old, based on general opinions. During April24, to May 23 , 2013 I visited Hsinchu prison and Taoyuan Woman Prison to implement deeply interviews . Five inmates from Hsinchu Prison and two from Taoyuan Women's Prison were interviewed. From July 30 to August 21, we further visited all prisons in Taiwan to administered questionnaire inquiry , 722 questionnaires sent to men and 53 sent to women , were returned valid sample of 488(67.59%) male and 38(71.70%) female .
According to the results of research, it’s a disadvantaged minority for elderly inmates , the most serious problem is prisons too crowded. Prisons’ equipments and treatment designs didn’t meet elderly inmates’ needs, and staffs’ ability have to improve again. While beginning of intake, It’s easy to happen about humiliate and bully to elderly inmate, especially with verbal arouse and inmate code. Elderly inmates long for support from family, believe in religion. In strategy, they keep passive attitude to cope with the younger inmates. According to the path analysis of prison adaptation, the major impacts on the depressed level come from facilities pressure, second is bully. Major impacts on the prisonization level of elderly inmate are bully, in turn, rules pressure and friend support. Major impacts on the illegally behavior of elderly inmates are bully, second is family support.
Based on the above , a few suggestions are offered: in criminal justice policy, heavier penalty should be used in conjunction with the security punish for core criminals , reduce the use of short-term free sentence, instead of community correction for elderly inmates, life imprisonment should not be used as the substitution pattern of death penalty. In correction practice, construct specialized prison or prefecture area to take care of elderly inmates for long-term. Prisons have to set up handicap facilities room, and enhance precaution against sanitation and medical treatment service, development recreation activity project of elderly inmates to divert their emotions, combine social resources and support, provides better aftercare and hospice care for elderly inmates in the future, and established the reference principles of elderly Prison (Area).

並列關鍵字

Social Support ； Imprisonment Treatment ； Imprisonment Pressure ； Elderly Inmates ； Prison Adaptation

參考文獻

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