叢枝菌根菌與土壤有益細菌對提高經濟作物(辣椒與鳳梨釋迦)氮吸收的應用

Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Beneficial Bacteria to Enhance Nitrogen Absorption of Economic Crops (Capsicum annuum & Annona cherimolae x Annona squamosa)

杜美心(Duangporn Sangsak)

指導教授 ： 吳羽婷

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/碩士(2023年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202300070

摘要

隨著全球暖化和人類活動，導致農業生產力下降。 化學肥料的過度使用以至土壤劣化及生物多樣性的損害是農業管理的主要問題。本研究調查了兩種經濟作物的產量（辣椒和釋迦），並提出以土壤肥力作為因應農業挑戰替代解決方案的重要性。
本研究分為兩部分，第一部分將相思樹和辣椒接種叢枝菌根菌(AMF)促進養分吸收，同時接種特定固氮細菌（Bradyrhizobium elkanii）於相思樹。 另一方面，使用生物炭和有機改良劑以增加微生物活性。透過四種處理調查並比較間作對氮吸收、土壤化學性質和細菌群落結構的影響。四種處理包含單一辣椒栽植、單一栽植辣椒並接種叢枝菌根真菌、辣椒-相思樹間作（辣椒接種叢枝菌根真菌x相思樹接種固氮菌）、辣椒-相思樹間作種植於有機改良堆肥。 15N2同位素測定結果顯示，根中的同化氮高於莖和葉，尤其是在辣椒-相思樹間作種植於有機改良堆肥的處理。 間作促進了土壤對氮的吸收，並證明氮是從相思樹輸送到辣椒的結果與假設一致。 辣椒-相思樹間作系統的相互作用影響植物-土壤微生物和植物間的關係。其中以辣椒（+AMF）和相思樹（+固氮菌）間作種植於有機改良堆肥之處理效果最好。 AMF 增加土壤中的微生物組成多樣性並改善了養分吸收，相思樹則通過增強向作物輸送養分和氮素的機制來促進作物生長。
第二部分研究試驗作物為鳳梨釋迦 (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa)，分析於斑鳩和頂岩灣兩地區間之根域有益微生物群落。由於近年全球暖化，導致病原菌和病蟲害問題增加，使苗木易受害且生長不良。 本研究初步揭示鳳梨釋迦生長健康/不良兩者間之根域細菌群落結構組成和土壤物理化學性質差異。結果指出，生長健康的鳳梨釋迦於兩個地區都含有有別於生長不良之鳳梨釋迦的根域特定細菌群。在未來，分離有益菌和幼苗移植田間栽種前之接種將有其必要性。

關鍵字

叢枝菌根菌 ； 間作 ； 微生物多樣性 ； 固氮 ； 土壤細菌群落 ； 根域健康

並列摘要

Agriculture productivity declined as a result of global warming and human activities. The main problem of agricultural management was the overuse of chemical fertilizers that degraded the soil and harmed biodiversity. This research investigated two economic crop yields (chili and atemoya) and suggested the importance of soil fertility as an alternative solution to agricultural challenges.
First, Acacia confusa and Capsicum annuum (chili) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhanced nutrient uptake. Meanwhile, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium elkanii) were specifically inoculated on acacia. On the other hand, biochar and organic amendments can increase microbial activity. The effects of the intercropping on nitrogen uptake, soil chemical properties, and bacterial community structure were investigated and compared across four treatments; chili monoculture, chili inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi monoculture, chili-acacia intercropping (chili and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi X acacia and nitrogen-fixing bacteria), and chili-acacia intercropping that planted in the amendment of organic compost. Thus, the assimilated nitrogen was observed higher in roots than stems and leaves, especially in chili inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and acacia in intercropping organic compost treatment using 15N2 assay. Consistent with the hypothesis, intercropping improved the soil nitrogen absorption; it indicated nitrogen transported from acacia to chili. The interaction of chili-acacia intercropping systems influenced plant-soil microbial and plant–plant relationship. The effects of intercropping indicated chili (+AMF) grew best in the intercropping system and with acacia (+nitrogen-fixing bacteria) planted in the amendment of organic compost. AMF increased the microbial composition in the soil and improved nutrient absorption. Acacia confusa promoted crop cultivation by enhancing the mechanism of nutrients and transportation of nitrogen to the crop.
Second, the other crop of this study was atemoya or sugar apple (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa). The rhizosphere microbial associated with healthy at Benjo and Dingyanwan was investigated. Since global warming has led to an increase in pathogen and pest issues in recent years, the seedlings are easily attacked and grow poorly. This study unrevealed the soil bacterial community composition and soil physicochemical parameters associated with healthy and unhealthy atemoya. This study confirmed that rhizosphere healthy atemoya at both sites harbored specific bacterial groups that differed from the unhealthy ones. In the future, the isolation of beneficial bacteria and inoculation of seedlings before being transferred to the field will be essential.

並列關鍵字

Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi ； Intercropping ； Microbial diversity ； Nitrogen fixation ； Soil bacterial community ； Rhizosphere healthy

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