設計與地方社區的連結思考

A discussion on the connection between design and local communities

吳憶玲(Yi-Ling Wu)

指導教授 ： 諸葛正

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/設計研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

摘　要

地方社區是僅次於家庭，與人類生活最緊密的空間，其意義甚至與「家庭」相同，有培育人性影響人心的作用。社區因為成長發展的歷史背景不同而有不同的「社區格」，如此特殊性質是地方社區有價值、有意義，且值得發揮的部分。自古以來，人類也就是依靠有限的地方生活資源，才造就出現在所看到的各式不同文明樣貌。然而全球化現象使各地方文化差異日漸縮小、隱形，甚至被遺忘。直到發現這些文化快要消逝、地方社區快要失去昔日的光芒與温暖之後，才開始驚醒這些一直不斷向前追逐成長的人類，應該要重新回頭再審視對鄉土文化的關懷與重視。

曾經被多個不同國家所統治的台灣，在特殊的歷史演變中造就出其多元文化共構的形貌。二十一世紀的台灣各地方社區，與世界其他國家一樣，有文化傳遞中斷的問題。在經濟社會成熟民主之後，台灣人民也注意到地方社區的影響力，並且希望以政策推動的方式，協助地方社區與地方文化的永續發展。被視為解決問題而存在的設計領域，在因緣際會下開始有機會去參與地方社區的發展工作，然而社區與設計的互動結果，似乎並非想像中的美好，發展過程中也因為諸多原因，開始產生一些值得討論的現象與問題。為使設計參與地方社區發展能夠有更協調的表現，因此本研究藉由相關文獻資料的蒐集、分析，來討論設計與地方社區的關係。本研究的主要研究目的有以下三點：
1.整理出有關「設計」參與地方社區的實際變遷過程與歷史意義。
2.分析設計案例整理出「設計」參與地方社區的過程中所產生的問題及現象。
3.提出設計者進入社區應考慮的事項，作為設計者參與社區活動時的參考。

經過地方社區、地方文化與設計的發展歷史交差比對後發現，台灣現代地方社區待解決的問題，其實來自於歷史的積累。然而在觀察各個地方設計案例之後發現，有許多設計只解決一部分表面上的地方社區問題，還未對地方社區與文化的核心問題進行正面回應，甚至使地方文化問題惡化。省思現象生成的主要原因，很可能是因為以往設計產品的設計態度跟設計地方的態度有所衝突所造成。分析討論後本研究得到三點結論：
1.每個時空的設計在地方上皆有不同的角色扮演及應對模式。
2.現代設計與地方連結的關鍵因素是「政策」，其影響有正面亦有負面。
3.為使地方設計更協調，應改變設計態度，以建立適合地方的原則為上。
本研究結果僅提供未來欲接觸地方的設計者，在初入地方社區時的參考，希望能使其具備相關理念後，更容易與地方社區相處，以充份發揮設計的正向影響力。

關鍵字

社區 ； 設計 ； 地方文化

並列摘要

Abstract

Preceded only by families, local communities are the space second-closest to our life; they even carries the same implication of a “family” since they also nurture and influence characters. With different historic backgrounds, communities have different “characteristics” – a feature that gives local communities values, meaning, and potentials. Since the beginning, mankind have relied on the limited, local resources, and in turn created different civilizations. Cultural differences, however, have been reduced, become invisible, or even forgotten due to globalization. Mankind that keeps pursuing advancement has not realized the care and attention deserved by local cultures and communities until their extinction is just around the corner.
Having been ruled by a number of nations, Taiwan has developed a multicultural structure due to its unique history. Much like other countries in the world, local communities throughout Taiwan in the 21st century also face the problem of cultural discontinuity. With the maturing socioeconomic structure and democracy, people in Taiwan have also realized the influence of local communities and wish to promote the sustainable development of local communities and cultures through governmental policies. I was working in the domain of design, which is often treated as a way to solve problems, and was given an opportunity to participate in the development of local communities. The interactions between communities and design, however, did not yield desirable results, and many phenomena and issues that deserve to be discussed have also been discovered in the development process due to numerous reasons. In order to better coordinate the effort of design in the development of local communities, this study has been implemented to discuss the relationship between design and local communities through literature review and analysis.The three primary objectives of this study are as follows:
1. To organize and determine the actual transformation and historic implications of the role of “design” in local communities.
2. To review cases of design and determine the issues and phenomena emerged during the participation of “design” in local communities.
3. To propose the issues that designers working in communities should be aware of as references for participation local communities’ activities
The comparison of the development history of local communities, local cultures, and design has revealed that the problems waiting to be solved in contemporary local communities in Taiwan are a result of historic accumulation. Analysis of cases of local designs also indicates that many designs only solve a few, superficial problems in local communities; they have not dealt with the core issues of local communities and cultures face-to-face, and sometimes even make them worse. A possible cause is the conflict between the past attitude towards designing products and designing local communities. The three following conclusions have been drawn in this study after the analysis:
1. The design of a community in each era and space has different roles and corresponding patterns.
2. The key to the connection between modern design and local communities is the “governmental policies,” which have both positive and negative influences.
3. In order to allow better flexibility in local design, the design attitude should be changed and shifted to the principle of “being appropriate to the local.”
The findings of this study serve as a reference for future designers who wish to work with local communities, and it is wished that after being equipped with relevant concepts, the designers may better get along with local communities and fully express the positive influences of design

並列關鍵字

design ； local culture ； community

參考文獻

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