營建工程爭議之鑑定制度研究

Study on the Appraisement System of Construction Dispute

林明興(Ming-Hsing Lin)

指導教授 ： 伍勝民

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/營建工程系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

由於經濟快速發展，營建工程之範圍及規模逐漸增大，工程契約愈趨於繁瑣。工程生命週期從起始、規劃、設計、施工至使用維護階段不乏產生爭議。如爭議屬單純契約規定、法律規章或權利義務關係等，司職審判之法官於單純法律問題判斷固然不成問題，但工程爭議涉及領域不僅於法律條文，通常亦包含專業技術及專業工程知識領域，且工程爭議皆具有一定複雜性及困難度。而法官所具備的知識或一般經驗法則，因缺乏工程專業知識往往難以通盤了解工程鑑定報告內容，故通常以專業之觀點，直接依工程鑑定報告為基礎而為審判，如此不啻將鑑定意見當判決結果。承上所述，工程爭議類型多樣化，且涉及高度專業領域，僅依一般生活經驗難以判斷，因此工程鑑定於工程爭議處理不可或缺外，且占有重要地位。由此可知，營建工程爭議之專業鑑定報告，於訴訟過程中對法官之心證具有相當之影響力，甚至可說間接地影響訴訟之結果。
基於上述理由，本文由鑑定的基本概念出發，說明鑑定之意義、原理及種類後，進而就我國目前營建工程爭議之鑑定制度於實務運作情形與遭遇的問題做說明；另，本研究認為鑑定制度亦為專業參與機制一種，故並論及國內外專家參與機制及國內專業參與機制發展情況。目前鑑定制度遭遇法官自由解讀、複數鑑定等問題，透過專家參審與鑑定制度並行構思之說明，提出改善鑑定制度之建議，期能使鑑定制度更完整並期真正發揮鑑定制度功能。綜合上述法官自行解讀、複數鑑定等鑑定制度問題，發現其根源係出於多數法官除法律專業知識外，通常不具備第二專長，故建議應迅速落實專家參審制度，透過具備專業知識的參審官參與訴訟程序，除了能夠弭補法官所欠缺的專業知識外，亦能改善目前鑑定制度存在之缺失問題。

關鍵字

專業參與 ； 工程鑑定 ； 鑑定制度

並列摘要

As the rapid development of economy, the range and scale of construction projects have been gradually expanded, and construction contract has been more and more complicated. Quite a few controversies occur inevitably starting from planning, designing, constructing to maintaining. If the controversy is merely related to contract provisions, legal regulations or the rights and obligations, it is simple for judges to judge based on legal regulation. However, construction controversies involve not only legal regulations, but also professional skills and professional engineering knowledge. The judges usually judge the case simply in according to the appraisement report. As their expertise and general knowledge principles are inapplicable to understand the meaning of report, due to lack of construction knowledge, they would make legal judgment directly based on the appraisement. As aforementioned, the types of construction controversies vary, and involve high levels of proficiency, it is difficult to judge merely based on the judges’ general life experiences. Therefore, the report of construction appraisement is pivotal and plays a significant role in dealing with construction controversies. Therefore the professional appraisement report on construction controversies impacts the viewpoints of judges during the proceedings of a lawsuit, even indirectly affects the outcome of the lawsuit.
According to the aforementioned reasons, this study, based on the fundamental concepts of appraisement, aims at explaining the significance, principle and typology of appraisement, and further to explicate the practices of appraisement and actual situations in our country. In addition, this study suggests that the appraisement system is also a type of professional involvement mechanisms, so it also discusses the cases of professional involvement both in Taiwan and abroad, as well as the development of local professional involvement mechanism. Presently, there are several problems concerning the appraisement system, including the judicial interpretation and repeated appraisement. The study raises suggestions to improve the appraisement system via professional assessment and parallel explanatory, expecting to make the appraisement system a more ideal one to help judges to clarify the truth.
To summarize the situations of judicial interpretation and repeated appraisement related to evaluation system, the study found that the basic problem derives from the lack of second proficiency of most judges, besides legal knowledge. It is recommended to allow professionals to take part in assisting judging the case as soon as possible; it is both helpful for making up for the lack of expertise of judges, but also in improving the existing dilemmas of the system of appraisement.

並列關鍵字

Expert Participation in Trial ； Construction Appraisement ； Appraisement System

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