隨著全球化的趨勢,無論是個人、企業到國家,都努力的想辦法提升競爭力。今年行政院大力的推動「挑戰2008國家重點發展計畫」,計畫將台灣建設成為「國際創新研發基地」,全力發展知識經濟,讓台灣在全球的科技領域裡,佔有一席之地。而資訊科技的運用,將是提升競爭力的重要關鍵。 在網站開發的領域方面,其模式與一般軟體工程開發的模式不太相同。雖然建置網站本身的軟體較為簡易,而且程式語言的結構上較為鬆散,不若一般軟體工程開發來的嚴謹,但網站的開發也需要一套結構完整的流程來進行。因此,本研究目的在探討利用能力成熟度整合模型(Capability Maturity Model Integration,簡稱CMMI)來建立一套網站開發的流程,並提升網站開發的效能。 CMMI是經濟部配合行政院的國家重點發展計畫,所大力推動的項目之一。CMMI的基本精神為循序漸進的改善軟體開發的流程,在每一個Level層級都有相關的行動綱領與達成目標,以便於在不同的Level層級裡建構相關的流程。而每一個層級的要素與實現能力,都將作為進階下一個Level的基礎。 本研究利用CMMI Level 2的關鍵程序指標,採用「分階表述的模式」建構網站開發的標準程序,先進行差異分析的工作,之後選定了需求管理、專案規劃、專案監控以及流程與產品品質保證四個項目來實際導入企業網站的開發流程。 透過多個專案以戴明環的模式來實際導入所規劃的流程,戴明環模式是以流程規劃(Plan)出發,經過流程實施(Do)、追蹤查看(Check)、流程修正(Action)等過程,再進行下一階段的循環,以持續改善整體流程。依據每一個專案結束後的檢討報告與數據資料,來修正網站開發的流程,並將修正過後的流程應用在下一個專案。 研究採用專家效度來評定所定義的流程是否已經符合CMMI Level 2的規範,若尚未符合則重複進行流程規劃、個案實施、追蹤查看、流程修正的循環,直到符合CMMI Level 2的規範為止。 經過五個專案的循環修正之後,在錯誤缺失的控管上有了很大的進步,有效提升網站開發的成熟度。許多人都以為CMMI只適用在大型組織、政府採購或國防工程上,也有許多人把CMMI跟軟體代工劃上等號,認為軟體代工的產廠商才需要導入CMMI。基本上,這些觀點都與CMMI的本意大相逕庭。本研究可證實導入CMMI對於企業的發展有相當大的益處,在改善流程的本身,可建立公司的文化,同時也優化網站開發的能力。在小型專案的部分,需要視企業狀況而簡化相關的流程,才能有效的進行流程的改善。透過本研究實際導入的流程經驗分享,可降低相關產業在網站開發工作上導入CMMI的門檻。
The trend of globalization has made individuals and enterprises to emphasize on increasing competition abilities. This year, The Executive Yuan promotes the “Challenge 2008—National Development Plan” to make Taiwan an international base for advanced research and development, and to bring Taiwan to the top technology field in the world. Moreover, the utilization of information technology is the key to improve competition abilities. The model of website development is different from those of general software engineering developments. Although the software used for website development is easier and more loose in structure than other software, it still requires a well-structured process for implementation. Therefore, this study focused on utilizing the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) to build a process for website development and to enhance its efficiency. The Ministry of Economic Affairs also promotes CMMI to match up the 2008 Plan. The scope of CMMI is to improve website development processes step by step, and there are corresponding principles and goals to each individual levels to build related processes. In addition, the essential elements and achievement abilities of one level become the basis of the next level. This study used the key process indicators of CMMI Level 2 to construct the standard process of website development by the “Stage Representation Model”. A difference analysis was conducted first, and then requirement management, project plan, project monitor, and process and product quality assurance were individually introduced to the website development process. The Deming Cycle of Plan, Do, Check and Action was used in this study to introduce multiple projects. One cycle was followed by the next to keep improving the overall process. The process was then revised based on review reports and data from every project, and then re-applied to the next project. This study utilized expert validity to evaluate if the processes reached the standards set by CMMI Level 2. The PCDA cycle would be introduced again and again until CMMI Level 2 standards were reached. After repeated cycles of revision for five projects, the error management was improved and the website development maturity was increased. People often consider the use of CMMI in large organizations or national defense constructions, and usually think that only software outsourcing enterprises need CMMI introduction. However, these points of views contradict the original essence of CMMI. This study proved that introducing CMMI is very helpful to enterprise development and to improve website development process. The processes should be simplified for smaller projects to effectively improve the process. Through sharing the experiences from this study, it is hoped to lower the threshold of introducing CMMI website development for related industries.