在這篇論文中,我們說明:「歷史思維」是歷史知識之所以可能的重要基礎。「歷史思維」的運作,表現出兩種特質:(一)它是一種「具體性的思維方式」,而以「類推思維」作為它最常見的表現方式。(二)它是一種「脈絡化思維方式」,常表現而為「以今釋古」與「以古釋古」兩種思維方式。不論是「具體性的思維方式」,或是「脈絡化思維方式」,都有它們的優點與侷限。這些思考方法上的優點與侷限,都深深地植根在歷史事實的「時間性」與「空間性」之中。 “究天人之際,通古今之變,成一家之言”-司馬遷
This paper aims at an elucidation of historical thinking as the foundation of historical Knowledge. Two defining characters of historical thinking can be observed: (a) it is a ”concert mode of thinking” of which the most norable manifestation is analogical thinking; and (b) it is a ”contextualization” mode of thinking that aims at interpreting the past in terms of the present or the past. The strength and weakness of these two tpyes of thinking are deeply imbedded in the temporality and spatiality of historical facts.