法律處罰的嚇阻作用：警察的逮捕行為可否減少竊盜犯的再犯率

The Deterrent Effects of Legal Punishment: Can or Cannot an Initial Arrest reduce Recidivism for Shoplifters?

鄧曉鋼(Xiao-Gang Deng) ； 周愫嫻(Su-Syan Jou)

《犯罪學期刊》 1期 (1995/07) Pp. 113-124

https://doi.org/10.29607/ZHWHGX.199507.0006

摘要

本研究目的是證明法律處罰對認同傳統社會規範價值的人所產生的嚇阻效果比不認同者為大。利用三種不同的再犯率以及歷史事件分析法（event history analysis），本文發現在美國Buffalo地區的竊盜初犯者，凡上過扒竊初犯講習班者比未上課者的再犯率低。本文認為願意上課者比不來上課者顯然較為畏懼社會反應，也願意遵守法院的規範，這群人較為認同（或畏懼）社會規範和價值，與社會的連帶較為深，對社會烙印也更為敏感，所以法律處罰的過程對這群願意來上課者的影響較不來上課者更為深刻。

並列摘要

The purpose of the present study is to assess the differential deterrent effects of legal punishment between those who identify to conventional norms and those who don't. Survival analysis technique is used to examine the effect of initial arrest on first-time apprehended shoplifters in a court referred treatment program in Buffalo, New York. The results indicate that those who attended the treatment program have substantial lower recidivism rate than those who did not attend the program. The study suggests that attenders seem to be more sensitive to 1egal threat while non-attenders appear to ignore formal control. Implications of the findings are discussed.