牟宗三是當代新儒家的主要奠基人之一。他可能是第一位華人學者,獨力把康德的三大批判從英文-而非德文原著-翻譯成中文。更為重要的是,牟宗三本身唯心論式的儒家思想,乃是轉化康德超越哲學的成果,這尤其反映在他的巨著《現象與物自身》一書的書名上。從歷史的角度來看,這部著作可能是二十世紀中國哲學最具重要性的作品。基本土,年宗三在這一著作之中嘗試以中國哲學來克服康德哲學的局限。不過,牟宗三的進路也同時包含了對康德的倫理學與美學的轉化。牟宗三在批判康德關於「哲學」的思想時,提出一種儒家版本的圓善理論。因此之故,牟宗三特別注意到康德的《道德底形上學之基本原則》和《單在理性範圍內之宗教》。他甚至把前者完全翻譯出來,同時翻譯了後者的第一部份。在這篇論文之中,我們將展示牟宗三如何轉化康德哲學。牟宗三對康德的轉化將由下列四部曲來表明:(一)攝存有於活動;(二)自由意志的直覺性呈現;(三)解除「合目的性原則」的限制;(四)德福的真正一致。
Mou Tsung-san is a major founder of Contemporary N e o-Confucianism He might be the first Chinese scholar who single-handly translated all the three critiques of Kant into Chinese, though from the English translations Indeed his Own Confucian doctrine results from a transformation of Kant's philosophy. It particularly produces a Confucian solution for the problem of the highest good.This paper will show in what way Mou transforms Kant's philosophy. It mainly consists of four parts: (1) Identification of Being as activity; (2) Intuitive givenness of free will; (3) Abandonment of the principle of finality (4) Proportionality between morality and happiness.