澎湖縣望安島發展「替代觀光」的初步規劃與行動構想

澎湖群島是台灣最大的離島，素以3S（陽光、海洋、沙灘）而頗負盛名。觀光活動發展已近四十年，尤以「傳統大眾觀光」爲最主要的觀光型態。睽諸近些年來澎湖觀光的發展進程，最引人矚目的，莫過於已爭議一、二十年有關設置觀光賭場的議題。該議題雖已於2009年底的公投中遭到否決，惟嗣後仍有不少人擔心澎湖一旦失去大型觀光吸引物，是否將使得該群島的發展走向衰頹的命運，期待是否還有其他替代方案，使得觀光發展能邁向永續。本文認爲澎湖群島以其島嶼的脆弱性，以及全球無不都在倡議永續發展的當前，澎湖觀光發展不應只是緊守著傳統的大眾觀光路線，而應有另類思惟。因此本文選取同時兼具生態與文化價值的望安島，做爲研究地理區。並以文獻分析、田野調查及深度訪談等方法，從「觀光系統」架構，先予陳述望安島觀光發展的現況與困境，再以「替代觀光」相關論述，研提望安島該如何發展替代觀光的初步規劃與行動構想，最後再提出一些具體建議。

關鍵字

望安；觀光賭場；替代觀光；永續觀光；社區培力

並列摘要

The Penghu Islands, as the Taiwan's largest offshore islands, are a popular 3S (sun, sea, sand) destination. The development of tourism in Penghu over the past 40 years has focused primarily on ”conventional mass tourism.” However, in recent years, controversy has broken out over the proposed development of casino gambling in Penghu. A 2009 referendum rejected casino development, leaving many people concerned about whether tourism in Penghu may suffer, and finding an alternative program for sustainable tourism development has become a priority. In view of Penghu's current vulnerability and the current global trend towards sustainable development, this paper argues that Penghu's tourism development should not maintain its current focus on mass tourism, but should actively seek out alternatives. This study focuses on the ecological and cultural resources of Wangan Island. Through literature review, field reaserch and in-depth interviews, we examine current conditions in tourism development on the island from a ”tourism system” perspective, and present relevant discussions based on ”alternative tourism.” This paper also provides a basic conceptual framework for the planning and implementation of alternative tourism development on Wangan Island and proposes specific recommendations.