蘆筍花葯培養之全雄育種　Ⅰ．品種及單株間花葯培養效率之研究

Breeding for All-Male Plants through Anther Culture in Asparagus Ⅰ. The Anther Culture Efficiency among Different Varieties and Plants

賴本智(P. C. Lai) ； 許家言(J. Y. Hsu) ； 葉常青(C. C. Yeh) ； 蔡新聲(H. S. Tsay)

《中華農業研究》 40卷1期 (1991/03) Pp. 94-101

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199103.0010

摘要

本研究之目的在以花葯培養進行蘆筍之品種改良過程中，檢討品種及單株間之花葯培養效率，不同分化培養基之效果，癒合組織之日齡與分化能力之關係及花莉來源植株染色體之倍數性，以為育種之參考，其結果摘錄如下：
1．花葯癒合組織自含有2mg/1NAA，1mg/1BA及6% sucrose之1/2MS基本鹽類培養基（Na-Fe-EDTA全量）誘得後，先繼代培養於含有1mg/1NAA及0.5mg/1BA之Murashige et al.(1972)基本鹽類培養基進行植株分化之誘導，二個月後未分化之癒合組織，再繼代培養於MS之基本鹽類培養基之處理方式，可獲得最佳之分化效果。
2．品種及單株間之花葯培養效率差異極大，在80棵受測之蘆筍雄株中，以UC500W-20單株之育種效率14.6%最高。造成品種及單株間差異之主要原因可能為，各單株之遺傳組成相異所致。花葯來源植株根端細胞染色體之檢定發現，單倍體佔8.2%，雙倍體佔60.6%，三倍體佔5.3%，四倍體佔24.3%及混雜體佔1.3%。
3．花葯癒合組織約在花葯培養30~60天間形成，50日齡癒合組織之分化能力最強。

關鍵字

蘆筍 ； 花葯培養 ； 全雄育種

並列摘要

The purpose of this experiment was to obtain homozygous male and female asparagus plants through the techniques of anther culture. Special efforts were made A) to clarify the anther culture efficiency (number of green plants produced per 100 cultured anthers) of the individual plants, the effects of the different differentiation media, the callus of different age on plant regeneration, and the chromosome distribution of anther-derived plants. The results are summarized as follows:
1. Anther culture efficiency varied among individual plants as well as different varieties and it was highest (14.6%) for UC500W-20 among the 80 plants tested. This variation was probably due to genetic diversity. Cytological study of root tips of the anther-derived plants revealed marked variation in chomosome number including haploid (8.2%), diploid (60.6%), triploid (5.3%), tetraploid (24.3%) and mixoploid (1.3%).
2. The organ regeneration process of anther-derived callus was well-established as follows: Callus induced from a medium containing 1/2 strength (except Na-Fe-EDTA) of Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) salts supplemented with 2 mg/i NAA, 1 mg/I BA and 6% sucrose were firstly transferred to differentiation medium composed of Murashige et al. (1972) medium with 1 mg/1 NAA and 0.5 mg/1 BA. Two months later, non-regenerative callus were then transferred to the MS basal medium supplemented with only 3% sucrose.
3. The induction of callus mostly occurred at 30 to 60 days after the anthers were cultured. The highest differentiation ability could be obtained from the callus of 50 day age.

並列關鍵字

Asparagus ； Anther culture ； All-male breeding