「本來性－現實性」視座下的李卓吾－荒木見悟研究中作為試金石的「異端」

在日本學界，一般認為李卓吾具有現代性思維，是與世界潮流接軌的象徵人物，此說可以島田虔次與溝口雄三為代表。然而荒木見悟有異於外部脈絡詮釋的模式，他以具三教普遍性的「本來性—現實性」架構檢證在明代被視為「異端」的李卓吾。並認為，李卓吾與明代其他學者大相逕庭，可說是「本來性—現實性」乖離狀態的顯著示現，使其成為被所有體系排拒之異端。荒木認為，李卓吾正因此成為晚明思想的重要參考座標，通過各家對他的排拒與吸納，明代最大異端者李卓吾成為揭露真實、甄別學者思想的「試金石」，由此確立李卓吾在晚明時期的獨特位置。荒木見悟的研究，可謂開展現代性視域外的另一條可能路徑，更能真正貼近被研究者的時代脈絡，重新省視明代思想。

關鍵字

李卓吾；荒木見悟；本來性與現實性；異端；試金石

並列摘要

In Japanese academia, it is generally believed that Li Zhuowu 李卓吾has modern thinking and is a symbolic figure in line with the historical trend of the times, which can be represented by Shimada Kenji and Mizoguchi Kuzo. Differ from the mode of interpretation from the external context, Araki Kengo uses the framework of ＂Reality and Actuality＂ which has the universality of the three religions to verify Li Zhuowu, the man be called ＂heresy＂ of the Ming Dynasty. Thus, Li Zhuowu's ideals of ＂Reality and Actuality＂ are quite different from other scholars. It was the most obvious manifestation of the deviation between ＂Reality and Actuality＂, as the result Li Zhuowu has become a heresy rejected by all systems. Araki believes Li Zhuowu is an important reference point for the thoughts of the late Ming Dynasty. Through the rejection and absorption of him by various schools, Li Zhuowu, the greatest heresy of Ming, has become a ＂touchstone＂ for exposing the truth and discerning scholars' thought. Therefore, the unique of Li Zhuowu's position in late Ming can be established. Araki's research develop another possible path outside the scope of modernity, which can truly close to the context of the times of the researched, thus we can re-examine the thought of the Ming Dynasty.