認罪協商程序之法社會學考察：以台灣刑事司法改革為例

Plea Bargaining in Legal Sociological Perspective: The Case of Taiwan Criminal Judicial Reform

王皇玉(Huang-Yu Wang)

《臺大法學論叢》 37卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 65-113

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2008.37.04.02

摘要

從過去美國實際經歷過的認罪協商經驗來看，美國的認罪協商制度提供了審、檢、辯、被告、被害人多面向的利益，以致於學說上雖有反批評認罪協商制度的聲音，但終究無法降低或澆熄訴訟上各方行動者的適用熱情。反觀我國情形，我國刑事司法制度，自刑事訴訟法制訂以來，即承襲大陸法系的審判架構，採取法院依職權調查證據的審判制度。自民國88年全國司法改革會議召開以後，刑事訴訟法進行了一串的修法活動。除了參考美國法制上的當事人對抗精神之外，另引進了交互詰問制度與法律扶助等制度。全國司改會雖然也有共識，決議引進「認罪協商」制度，以有效減少落入審判系統的案件量，俾使法官能針對重大案件集中審理與進行交互詰問。然而，認罪協商在推動立法的過程中，遭受了莫大的批評與質疑。認罪協商程序雖然在民國93年正式引進我國刑事訴訟法，但認罪協商所帶有的「出賣正義」色彩，始終是批評者所質疑與憂慮的焦點所在。本文以社會學上的「質性研究方法」，對20人次的刑事司法實務工作者，亦即法官、檢察官、律師與公設辯護人，進行深度訪談，並從法社會學的觀點，分析研究我國實務工作者對認罪協商程序的看法與適用意願，以提供未來修法之參考。

關鍵字

認罪協商 ； 買賣正義 ； 理性選擇 ； 司法改革 ； 交互詰問

並列摘要

From the experience of plea bargaining implementation in the U. S., the American plea bargaining system provided benefits for prosecutors, judges, defendants and victims in a multi-aspect approach. Thus, despite the academic voices against the plea bargaining system, the enthusiasm of parties involved to apply the system could not be cooled and vanished. In the case of Taiwan, since the formulation of the Code of Criminal Procedure, Taiwan criminal justice system in the framework of continental European Law had been using the trial system based on the inquisitorial model to establish the ”truth” of criminal events. Since the National Judicial Reform Conference held in 1999, the Code of Criminal Procedure had been amended from time to time. In addition to referring to the spirit of adversarial model of American legal system, systems such as the cross-examination and legal aid system were introduced. Although the National Judicial Reform Conference had reached consensus to introduce the ”plea bargaining” to effectively cut down the number of cases in the trial system, making it possible for judges to concentrate on cross-examination for major cases, plea bargaining was severely condemned and doubted in the legislation process. Even the plea bargaining procedure was officially introduced to Taiwan in 2004, the color of ”trading justice” of plea bargaining had been always the focus of doubts and concerns of the critics.This study employed the ”qualitative research” in sociology and interviewed 20 criminal procedural practitioners including judges, prosecutors, lawyers and public defenders. This study analyzed the views and willingness of legal practitioners in Taiwan to apply the plea bargaining procedure from legal sociological viewpoints, and provided a reference to law amendment in the future.

並列關鍵字

plea bargaining ； justice trading ； rational choice ； judicial reform ； cross-examination

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