家庭調適的質量對話

本研究以量性設計及質性設計二種研究程序共同探討本地的青少年與其家人如何在日常生活中面對大環境的挑戰而調適的現象。研究對象主要以晚期青少年家庭為主。本研究樣本分爲三階段蒐集，第一階段爲大樣本的大學生班級團體。第二階段的研究樣本則是以研究者過去在親子個體化研究的樣本群中，徵求青少年家庭參與焦點團體的研究。第三階段則徵求有意願的焦點團體成員及其家人進行家庭訪問資料的蒐集。研究結果則分別(1)以簡單相關分析方法探討家人間對家庭系統知覺的差異與共識。(2)以簡單相關及t檢定法探討大學生受試者對其家庭系統知覺的連續性與變化性。(3)以Q因素分析描繪家庭動力之變化。及(4)以質性敘說分析方法探討相關家人對家庭調適行動的詮釋、理解，與行動意向。從量性研究結果來看，同一家庭內的不同家人間對其家庭系統的知覺是有差異的。研究樣本中的大學生們對家庭系統的知覺與母親及與手足的知覺有較高的關聯，與父親的知覺則無關聯。整體而言，家庭共識與青少年的家庭知覺呈現中度的正關聯，而家庭差異則呈現中度的負相關，研究樣本中的大學生們只有1/3自覺到其家庭系統會因時間而有所變化。從質性研究的結果來看，本文以分別面對不同環境變化的三個家庭爲例，說明家庭如何面對環境變化的調適與轉化過程。最後，作者則提出對於家庭調適之不同探究方式的討論。

關鍵字

家庭系統；家庭調適

並列摘要

This study used qualitative and quantitative methods to examine adjustment of youths and the families as they confront challenges from societal change. Research sample focused on late-adolescent families. Data were collected in three phases: College students completed surveys in the first phase; data from past focus group interviews were used in the second phase; and data from volunteers recruited for family interview in focus groups were used in the third phase. The following results were reported: 1. Consensus and discrepancies of family system perceptions among family members. 2. Continuity and changes of family system perceptions. 3. Changes of family dynamics using Q-factor analysis. 4. Qualitative descriptions of the content, understanding, and intent of the behavioral adjustment among family members. Results indicated that college students' perceptions of their family systems were highly correlated with mothers' and siblings' perceptions but not corelated with fathers' perceptions. Qualitative data from three families were used to illustrate how the family system adjusted and adapted to societal changes. Finally, different approaches to investigate the multi-systems and dynamic family processes were also discussed.