大型購物場所火災模擬分析

建築物火災中約有60﹪~80﹪是因為煙流危害而導致死亡，因此，煙流危害人員生命安全為須探討之問題，本研究透過火災模擬軟體與避難安全驗證，對火災風險進行模擬與評估。本研究分成兩大部份，一為透過火災模擬軟體模擬大型購物場所火災成長情勢，分析火災發生後，區劃內煙層流動、溫度、二氧化碳分佈及能見度等變化，檢討評估火災發生後可供人員避難逃生之容許時間。二為建築物內人員避難疏散驗證，採用內政部建築研究所頒「建築物防火避難安全性能驗證技術手冊」進行避難驗證，以「居室避難性能驗證」計算居室區劃內人員完成避難所需時間與避難容許時間。最後，將火災模擬軟體模擬產生之數據與避難疏散計算之避難完成所需時間與避難容許時間進行比對。火災模擬結果可知，火場中煙層下降速度、溫度、二氧化分佈情形及火場中能見度之分佈情形，在火災初期皆未影響人員避難疏散；建築物內人員在避難危險界線前皆能完成避難疏散之動作。關鍵字：FDS、避難、火災模擬

關鍵字

避難；火災模擬

並列摘要

In the building fire the death approximately 60 to 80﹪are causes by the smoke stream, therefore the harm by smoke stream is an important issue to the personnel safety in the fire region. This research used both fire simulation and safety certification of asylum to carries on the simulation and the appraisal to the fire risk. The works were divides into two major parts, one was examined the fire growth circumstance in large scale shopping mall using the fire simulation software. After the analysis the fire occurrence, the changes of smoke stream flowing, temperature, carbon dioxide distribution, and visibility in the fire region were investigated to assess the allowed time for the personnel escapes to the asylum. The second part was to verify seeking asylum of personnel in the building uses the “the safety performance verification technique handbook for building fire protection and seeking asylum” published by Architecture Research Institute of Ministry of Interior to confirmation the safety escape. The allowed time for asylum and needing time for personnel to complete escaping in fire region was calculated with the “the room escape performance verification”. Finally, the results generated by fire simulation software, the time to seek asylum, and the allowed time to seek asylum were compared. The fire simulated results showed that the descent rate of smoke stream, temperature, carbon dioxide distribution, and visibility in the fire region would not affect personnel asylum escape and dispersal in the fire initial period. In the building the personnel before dangerous critical line for seeking asylum to be able to complete seek asylum movement of the dispersal. Keywords: FDS, Refuge, Fire simulation

並列關鍵字

FDS ； Refuge ； Fire simulation

參考文獻

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國際替代計量

大型購物場所火災模擬分析

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