梁啟超(1873-1929)的《論中國學術思想變遷之大勢》,被後世視為闡釋「中國學術思想」的引路之作,具有首開風氣的示範意義。本文嘗試回歸這部書問世的原來場景,為梁啟超如何建構「中國」的「學術思想」的「知識」,提出歷史脈絡的考察。梁啟超對「中國」的「學術思想」的書寫和詮釋,更深具提鍊「國族精神」(Volksgeist)的用心,為打造「國族精神」的認同工程,提供不可或缺的素質,是近代中國的文化國族/民族主義(cultural nationalism)的具體表現樣態之一。
This article analyzes how Liang Qichao's (1873-1929) Lun Zhongguo xueshu sixiang bianqian zhi dashi (On the Basic Trends of Chinese Intellectual Change), which was written between 1902 and 1904, created a new Chinese "Volksgeist." Liang's essay should be examined in the intellectual context of early 1900s China. Liang's intellectual resources included the insights of scholars like Van Fu (1854-1921) and Zhang Binglin (1868-1936), which aided his formulation of observations and evaluations of the ancient Chinese thinkers. This article shows how Liang constructed a "Volksgeist" of China based on his interpretation of the basic trends in Chinese thought. Discussions of cultural nationalism in the twentieth century China cannot neglect Liang's essay.