澳門慢性病長者的自我效能與自我管理行為的相關分析

The relationship between self-efficacy and self-management behaviors among older adults with chronic disease in Macao

梁淑敏(Sok Man Leong) ； 李衛燕(Wai In Lei)

《澳門護理雜誌》 預刊文章 Pp. 1-5

https://doi.org/10.6729/MJN.201912/PP_18(1_2).007

摘要

目的：了解澳門慢性病長者的自我效能（SE）與自我管理行為（SMB）的情況，以及兩者的相關性。方法：於2012年8月至2014年6月期間使用「慢性病自我管理問卷」，內容包括個人資料、自我效能量表和自我管理行為量表，以面對面方式調查了158名患有一種或以上慢性病的長者。結果：受訪長者的疾病自我管理信心（SEMD）、症狀自我管理信心（SEMS）和自我管理信心總分（SETS）分別為6.71±2.04分、5.78±2.74分和6.25±2.11分，SMB中的伸展與肌力訓練運動、有氧運動、應付症狀行為和與醫生溝通行為的得分為2.51±1.75分、3.32±2.46分、1.10±0.86和1.29±1.23分；受訪長者的SEMD、SEMS和SETS與SMB中的伸展與肌力訓練運動、有氧運動和應付症狀行為分別呈正相關，但與醫生溝通行為未有顯著性相關。結論：澳門慢性病長者的SE和SMB得分均偏低，SE與大部份的SMB呈正相關；因此，健康工作者在臨床實務中要盡早利用有效策略來提升長者的自我效能以促進他們實踐自我管理行為。

關鍵字

慢性病 ； 長者 ； 自我效能 ； 自我管理行為

並列摘要

Objective: To explore the status of self-efficacy (SE) and self-management behaviors (SMB) and their relationship among older adults with chronic disease in Macao. Method: The Chronic Disease Self-management Questionnaire was used to interview 158 older adults with at least one chronic disease from August 2012 to June 2014. Results: The average scores of self-efficacy in managing disease (SEMD), self-efficacy in managing symptom (SEMS) and total scores of self-efficacy (SETS) were 6.71±2.04, 5.78±2.74 and 6.25±2.11 respectively. The average scores of stretching & strengthening exercise, aerobic exercise, cognitive symptom management and communication with physician were 2.51±1.75, 3.32±2.46, 1.10±0.86 and 1.29±1.23 respectively. The scores between SEMD, SEMS, SETS and exercise, cognitive symptom management behaviors were with significantly positive correlation, but there was no significant correlation between self-efficacy and communication with physician. Conclusion: The level of SE and SMB were low, SE was correlated with major SMB. In order to facilitate older adults for adopting more SMB, health professionals should use effective strategies to improve their SE.

並列關鍵字

chronic disease ； older adults ； self-efficacy ； self-management behaviors