In this dissertation, our research goal is to design and realize the visual servoing control of a mobile robot using the stereo vision. As opposed to conventional visual servoing techniques, which often used monocular vision can not estimate the distance between a target object and a camera. In this dissertation, the mobile robot can track a moving target object because we extract the 3-D distance information of the target object using the binocular stereo vision. First, the pair images acquisition are accomplished by two CCD cameras continuously, and then we can extract the color characteristic of the pair images using image processing methods. Second, we draw a box around the target object in the binary pair images after using image segmentation and size filtering. Moreover, the 3-D distance information between the target object and the mobile robot can be calculated by stereo vision algorithm. Finally, the experiments described in the dissertation have shown that the mobile robot carried out for tracking the target object real-time. In this dissertation, we have designed a stereo vision-guided mobile robot, which combines machine vision and motion control, for tracking a target object with color characteristic real-time. In fact, we give the mobile robot ability in visual perception.