牛樟與冇樟

Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay. and Cinnamomum micranthum (Hay.) Hay.

林讚標(Tsan-Piao Lin)

《林業試驗所研究報告季刊》 8卷1期 (1993/03) Pp. 11-20

https://doi.org/10.7075/BTFRI.199303.0011

摘要

牛樟與冇樟是二種形態上極為相似的樹種。本文從果實種子形態，精油組成與同功酶分析等方面提供資料來彰顯二者之差異性。牛樟果實呈僧帽狀，長1.11公分，寬1.51公分，種子之胚軸與果柄成一直線；冇樟果實呈長橢圓球，長1.62公分，寬1.17公分，種子胚軸常歪生。牛樟木材以含松油醇為主，而冇樟則以黃樟油為主。牛樟與冇樟之同功酶分析顯現酵素帶之形式（對偶因子）差異甚大區隔明顯。孝義冇樟與蓮華池冇樟是二種形態不同的冇樟，果實種子大小差異明顯，孝義冇樟果實之長與寬各為蓮華池冇樟之2倍左右，在同功酶分析上GOT與MDH已顯現二生態型之間有明顯之分化。

關鍵字

牛樟 ； 冇樟 ； 果實與種子 ； 分佈 ； 精油成份 ； 同功酶分析

並列摘要

Cinnamomum kanehirae and C. micranthum are two native tree species very similar in the gross morphology. This article tends to differentiate these two species from the morphology of fruit and seed, the constitute of essential oil extracted from wood and fruit, and allozyme analysis. C. kanehirae has a fruit of cucullate in shape, 1.11cm in length 1.51cm in width; the seed has the hypocotyl linear with the pedicel. C. micranthum has a fruit of ellipsoid, 1.62cm in length 1.17cm in width; the embryo has the hypocotyl always scewed from the axis of the seed. Major component of wood essential oil is terpinenol for C. kanehirae and safrol for C. micranthum. Allozyme analysis indicated that these two species are very different in allele pattern. Within the species C. micranthum, the ecotype of Lien-hwa-chi can be differentiated from the ecotype of Hsiao-yi by the size of fruit and seed and allozyme pattern. The allele pattern of aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase, among the six enzyme system assayed, were different in these two ecotype. This may be caused by the isolation of the Lien-hwa-chi population.

並列關鍵字

Cinnamomum kanehirae ； Cinnamomum micranthum ； fruit and seed ； distribution ； essential oil ； allozyme analysis