中國大陸各省市招商引資之績效評估－資料包絡法之應用

本研究採用資料包絡分析法，探索一九九七至二○○三年七年間，中國各地區招商引資的效率差異及其影響成因。本研究的結果顯示：(1)七年來，就招商引資的技術效率而言，表現最好的省市依序是：海南、廣東、北京、福建、江蘇、浙江、天津、上海。表現最差的省市依序為甘肅、內蒙古、新疆、青海和貴州。在領先城市群中，以北京市進步最突出，上海市的衰退最為嚴重。(2)中國各地招商引資的技術效率在一九九九年之後呈現進步的走向。東部的技術效率領先西部和中部，而且晚近這種差距愈來愈大，主要是因為中部和西部在規模效率方面的持續落後。(3)Tobit迴歸模型顯示地域性質、專業技術人才差異以及台港澳投資規模均顯著地影響到各地招商引資的效率。

關鍵字

外人直接投資；資料包絡分析法；地方政府；效率分析

並列摘要

Based on 7 years statistical data-from 1997 to 2003, this paper uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to evaluate the efficiency of local governments' attracting-FDI policies in China. We compare the efficiency among thirty-one provinces/cities and among three great regions-the East, the West, and the Middle. We find that (1) for technical efficiency over 7 years, the successful provinces/cities are: Hainan, Gaungtung, Peking, Fujian, Chiangsu, Zhejiang, Tianjin, and Shanghai. The most inefficient provinces/cities are: Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Guizhou. (2) The overall efficiency of FDI attraction policies in China has been in progress since 1999. When we compare 3 great regions, we find that the East leads both the West and the Middle. Moreover, the efficiency gap between the East and the other two has been growing primarily due to the scale inefficiency of the latter. (3) The Tobit regression model shows that the geometric location, ratio of high level labor forces, and the FDI from ethnic Chinese significantly affects the efficiency of attracting-FDI policies in thirty-one local governments.