衛生爲何不是保衛生命？民國時期另類的衛生、自我、與疾病

Why Weisheng Is Not about Guarding Life? Alternative Conceptions of Hygiene, Self, and Illness in the Republican China

雷祥麟(Sean Hsiang-Lin Lei)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 54期 (2004/06) Pp. 17-59

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200406.0002

摘要

1930年代中國存在一組和西方衛生的大相逕庭的衛生論述與實作。在當時中國公共衛生的提倡者看來，這組「衛生」論述不諦是對衛生這個西方概念的誤解、濫用、甚至綁架，徒然延誤了公共衛生此一新事業在中國的開展，因而沒有任何正面的價值與歷史重要性。本文企圖正視這個歷史現象，初步勾勒這組以「保衛生命」為中心的衛生論述的具體內容，描繪它和西方Hygiene間的爭議與互相界定的過程，並探索它出現於二十世紀上半葉之中國的歷史過程和可能的意義。如果民國時期的「衛生」的焦點對象不止是身體，那麼這一組衛生論述又如何反應並形塑了中、西醫學交會時對「生命」（身體、心理、思想、情感、慾望、生活）的新理解、價值與體會？

關鍵字

衛生 ； 身體史 ； 肺癆 ； 中醫

並列摘要

While Hygiene was translated into Chinese as Weisheng, (literally meaning ”guarding life”) during the Republican China, there existed an alternative discourse of Weisheng which was distinctively different from hygiene imported from the West. From the viewpoint of the advocates of public health in China, this popular discourse of Weisheng was no less than an abuse or a hijack of the Modernist idea of hygiene. As the result, they saw no value of this popular discourse except for hindering the progress of the real public heath enterprise in China. This paper takes seriously this discourse and practice of ”guarding life” and investigates how this alternative discourse took shape through a mutual definition between Western hygiene and traditional Chinese practice. The question is this: since this alternative hygiene was not about defending the body but rather about guarding life, how did it shape and reflect the new understanding, value, and comprehension of ”life,” including the body, the psyche, thoughts, emotion, desire, and the life.

並列關鍵字

Hygiene ； History of Body ； TB ； Chinese Medicine

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