Perception of Motivation and Commitment Regarding the Megasporting Event Volunteers

大型運動賽會志工參與動機與組織承諾之研究

黃美珠(Mei-Ju Huang) ； 陳美燕(Mei-Yen Chen)

《臺灣體育運動管理學報》 13卷1期 (2013/03) Pp. 31-53

https://doi.org/10.6547/tassm.2013.0002

摘要

志工協助大型運動賽會籌辦，已成為大型運動賽會最重要的無形資產。有鑑於志工參與大型運動賽會志願服務之重要性，運動賽會志工參與動機與組織承諾是值得深入探究之議題。本研究目的在以2009年臺北聽障奧林匹克運動會為例，探討大型運動賽會志願服務工作者參與動機因素內涵及其與組織承諾間之關係，並比較學生身分及非學生身分者、初次擔任賽會志工與曾有賽會志工經驗受試者之參與動機在組織承諾是否有差異存在。本研究以網路問卷為研究工具，並以576位2009年臺北聽障奧林匹克運動會志工為研究對象，依據Chun（2003）及Mowday et al.（1979）之研究發展的「志工參與賽會動機與組織承諾量表」，進行網路問卷線上調查，並根據調查所得資料，以描述性統計、多變量變異數分析及結構方程模式等統計方法進行分析。研究結果顯示愛國、利己及社交因素為志工參與志願服務的主要考量因素。愛國動機及社交動機對於志工組織承諾皆有正向顯著影響關係，利己動機則對組織承諾有負向顯著影響關係。學生志工與非學生志工在愛國動機有顯著差異存在，學生志工與非學生志工在利己動機有顯著差異存在，學生志工與非學生志工在努力承諾有顯著差異存在，初次擔任志工者與有賽會經驗志工者在努力承諾與留職承諾構面有顯著差異存在。賽會主辦單位如能深入瞭解不同背景變項志工參與動機，在志工教育訓練、工作分配滿足其需求，增加其組織承諾，以協助大型運動賽會之順利完成，同時也提高其後續擔任大型運動賽會志工的意願。

關鍵字

志願服務 ； 愛國動機 ； 社交動機 ； 利己動機

並列摘要

Volunteers are a crucial component of human resources for megasporting events. Researchers have addressed the need to conduct additional studies on megasporting events to explore volunteerism. This research adopted a cross-sectional design by conducting an online survey (N=576) to examine the relationship between volunteer motivation and commitment. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the research hypotheses. The results indicated that factors involving both patriotism and solidarity were positively associated with organizational commitment. The egoism factor was negatively associated with organizational commitment. This study also explored the variations between motivation and commitment among various demographic groups of volunteers (occupation and volunteering experiences) by conducting a MANOVA. The results indicated that student and nonstudent volunteers significantly differed regarding patriotism and egoism motivation. The student and nonstudent volunteers also exhibited significant variations in their effort toward commitment. The veteran volunteers exhibited low effort and retention commitment. Event managers should understand what motivates individuals to volunteer and help volunteers achieve high levels of commitment by training them, assigning them tasks based on their professional backgrounds, offering them constant support, enhancing their positive feelings toward the event and the organizational committee, and retaining volunteers from one event to the next.

並列關鍵字

volunteering ； patriotism ； solidarity ； egoism

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