自體調諧質量阻尼系統耐震行為與試驗研究

Analytical and Experimental Studies on Building Mass Damper System

李柏翰(Bo-Han Lee)

指導教授 ： 張國鎮

國立臺灣大學/工學院/土木工程學研究所/博士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2013.00234

摘要

本研究擬探討自體調諧質量阻尼系統之耐震行為，同時降低自體調諧質量結構與主結構之受震反應。傳統調諧質量阻尼系統為一有效的振動能量吸收器，連接主要系統以降低其在諧和外力擾動下之振動反應，基本原理為將調諧質量阻尼系統的自然頻率調整到接近主要系統的基本振動頻率，進而產生兩者之反相位共振以消散外力擾動能量。過去已有許多研究提出不同之最佳化設計目標函數，並發展主動與半主動調諧質量阻尼系統以大幅提升控制效能，其在工程上之應用，由早期應用於降低高層建築物因風力擾動產生的振動，後來將其應用於土木結構之抗震設計。近年來亦有研究提出利用結構本身質量作為能量吸收器，即自體調諧質量阻尼系統，以克服傳統調諧質量阻尼系統因調諧質量過小而導致減震效益不彰之困擾，然而，其控制目標仍以降低主要結構系統的動力反應為主，對於自體調諧質量結構因反應過大而造成空間應用的浪費仍是一大問題。
因此，本研究將提出同時控制自體調諧質量結構與主要結構動力反應的最佳化設計方法，使兩結構系統可因互制作用而同時降低受震反應，以提高建築物之使用性。本研究內容將考慮合理的質量比與目標函數，利用簡化三自由度結構模型(自體調諧質量結構、自體調諧質量阻尼系統控制層與主要結構)推導最佳化設計方法，進行相關系統參數之敏感度分析，以數值分析與振動台試驗結果驗證自體調諧質量阻尼系統設計之可行性與最佳化設計方法之正確性，研究成果期能提出具體之被動自體調諧質量阻尼系統最佳化設計流程，以供實務工程應用。

關鍵字

調諧質量阻尼器 ； 中間樓層隔震 ； 自體調諧質量阻尼器 ； 設計方法 ； 數值分析 ； 系統識別

並列摘要

This research project will study the seismic performance of building structures with passive building mass damper (BMD) system, and will address the optimum design methods for the BMD systems to reduce the dynamic responses of both the building mass absorber and the primary structure. Tuned mass damper (TMD) system has been recognized as an effective energy absorbing device to reduce the undesirable vibrations of the attached vibrating system (or primary system) subjected to harmonic excitations. Various objective functions for determining the optimum design parameters of a TMD system were discussed and developed based on the concept of generating a significant phase lag attributed to resonance between the primary structure and TMD system. In addition, active and semi-active control devices were proposed to be incorporated into the TMD system to enhance its control performance. For engineering applications, this technology was adopted to mitigate the wind-induced vibrations of high-rise buildings at the early stage, and to enhance the seismic capability of building structures subsequently. Recently, a new design concept, namely BMD system, attracted immense attention. The use of partial structural mass, instead of additional mass, to be an energy absorber can overcome the concern of limited response reduction due to insufficient tuned mass. However, the control target is still focused on the primary structure performance rather than on either the building mass absorber performance or both.
Therefore, in this research application, an optimum design method for the BMD system to effectively protect both the primary structure and the building mass absorber (may be a multi-story structure for occupancy) will be thoroughly investigated. In this research, considering appropriate mass ratios and objective functions (modal characteristics and dynamic responses), the influences of different system parameters of interest on the dynamic characteristics of a building with the BMD system will be discussed based on a simplified three-lumped-mass structural model in which three lumped masses are assigned to the building mass absorber, BMD control system and primary structure. Then, the optimum design parameters for a building with the BMD system will be proposed. A series of numerical analyses and shaking table tests will be performed to verify the feasibility of the BMD concept and the effectiveness of the optimum BMD design on seismic protection of buildings. Based on the research results, the appropriate design procedures for practical applications of passive BMD systems will be provided.

並列關鍵字

Building mass damper ； Tuned mass damper ； Building mass damper ； Objective function ； Optimum design ； Sensitive analysis ； numerical analysis ； Shaking table test

參考文獻

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