台中市ALA PUB火災火場驗證與逃生避難模擬研究

Simulation of Evacuation during Fire Disaster – The Case of ALA Pub, Taichung City

李泰儀(Tai-Yi Lee)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2012.00232

摘要

人們每天忙碌的工作，精神與身體疲勞，往往會在放假之餘，到各種休閒場所紓解壓力。這些休閒公共場所中有潛在許多的火災因子，火災的風險性也相對提高。台灣屬於人口居住密集非常高的國家，很多建築物都是相鄰而建，道路狹小，使得火勢的延燒迅速、搶救的困難，造成人員傷亡與財物損失。本案例為台中市ALA PUB火災，天花板使用易燃泡棉，易造成火勢的助長，加上建築物無任何窗戶、逃生門未開等，火場只有一個出入口，且火場人數眾多，使得逃生不易，種種因素都增加了火災發生性及複雜性。為了避免或減少類似災害發生，針對PUB建築物做火災之研究。
本研究利用NIST所發展的FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)與芬蘭VTT 技術中心(VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland)研發的EVACUATION避難模組，進行火災模擬和逃生避難模擬，依照現場與各媒體所提供的資料以及從消防隊員獲得的資訊中，建立火場數值模型模擬，火災發生時，所產生的高溫、二氧化碳濃度以及氣層高度的變化，進而改變模型設定參數，如主火源位置、增減主火源熱釋放率等，研究變動相關參數對火場逃生避難的影響。希望本論文研究對於防火工程與逃生避難有參考價值，以降低人員的傷亡及財產的損失。

關鍵字

火災 ； 場模式 ； 逃生避難

並列摘要

Busy works and excessive stress often caused people fill exhausted, so it is undoubtedly that people looking for mental and physical recreation on vacation times. There are many public places where people like to relax such as restaurant, theater, KTV and pub, these places concealed high potential fire danger but always ignored by the people. Taiwan is high population area, with narrow roads and buildings are adjacent to each other, so fire could easily spread and hinder fire rescues, leading to property loss and even serious human casualties. This thesis studies the case of the ALA Pub fire in Taichung City. Due to the ALA PUB its indoor flammable materials increased fire intensity, closed windows and locked escape door, increases the complexity of fire rescue. To prevent or reduce the possible occurrences of such fire disasters, it is necessary to look into the fire safety structure and design of those entertainment places.
The FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software developed by NIST and the Evacuation Model of VTT (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland) is employed in this research to perform fire and evacuation simulations. The simulation is modeled with information from media publications, pictures of the fire scene as well as data provided by firefighters. The distribution and changes of temperature, carbon dioxide density and air layer heights were also considered. An analysis into how changes to the different parameters such as the position of the main fire source, increasing or decreasing heat release rate, could influence the evacuation during the fire. The simulation result might be useful for reference in the future design of fire-prevention engineering and evacuation in order to reduce personnel casualty rates and property damages.

並列關鍵字

fire ； Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) ； Evacuation

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