本論文目的為探討個人心理特質(社會比較傾向、應報觀、內外控人格)對於當事人付不同責任程度之悲劇事件所產生的幸災樂禍與歸因的影響。研究共分兩個部分,研究第一部份探究樣本的人口控制變項在個人心理特質的影響;研究第二部份探究人口控制變項與個人心理特質在不同悲劇事件的幸災樂禍反應與歸因的影響。 研究工具為改編問卷,共由五個分量表組成,包含「個人基本資料」、「社會比較量表」、「應報觀量表」、「內外控人格量表」與「情緒態度與歸因方式量表」,回收後有效問卷共453份,經過探索式與驗證式因素分析,各分量表抽取之因素建構效度均獲得確認。 經過統計分析後,本研究結果以社會比較理論、Levinson的發展理論(人生四季)、歸因理論與正義世界信念進行討論,得出人口控制變項在個人心理特質的有顯著影響,同樣地,人口控制變項與個人心理特質的差異分別在不同事件的幸災樂禍程度和歸因方式上也具有影響,最後研究依據理論對未來研究與實務提出建議。
This paper aimed to explore the effect of personal psychological traits (social comparison orientation, religious retribution, internal-external locus of control) on schadenfreude and attributions when observing other people were responsible for different tragedy events in various degrees. There were two parts of research in this paper.Research 1 investigated the demographic variables which affected personal psychological traits. Through observing different tragedies, research 2 discussed the effect of demographic variables and personal psychological traits on schadenfreude and attributions. The research tool was a modified questionnaire which composed of five sub-scales , including ”Personal profile”, ”Social comparison orientation scale”, ”Religious retribution scale”, ”Internal-external locus of control scale” and ”Reaction of emotion & Patterns of attribution scale”. A total of 453 valid questionnaires were recovered. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the construct validity of each factor extracted from the sub-scales was confirmed. Through statistical analysis, the study results put social comparison theory, Levinson’s development theory (Seasons of life), attribution theory and the belief of just world into discussion. It was pointed out that demographic variables had significant influences in personal psychological traits. Similarly, variations in demographic variables and personal psychological traits affected degree of schadenfreude and patterns of attribution in different events. Finally, based on the theories, the paper proposed recommendations for follow-up studies and practice.