試論判例作為民法第1條之習慣法：為我國判例制度而辯護

The Precedent Refers as the Custom of Taiwan's Civil Code §1

吳從周(Chung-Jau Wu)

《臺大法學論叢》 39卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 227-299

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2010.39.02.11

摘要

判例制度在我國實務運作上具有相當之重要性與特殊性。司法院釋字第576號解釋的協同意見書，質疑我國最高法院實施近八十年的判例制度違憲，啟人深思。
筆者特別從習慣法作為法源已喪失其現代意義的空洞化現象，以及習慣法「判例法化」，習慣法非透過判例法無從產生的基點出發，企圖提出：「判例要旨所宣示的法律見解」，在我國具有「民法第1條習慣法之位階」的「規範上效力」之基本命題，嘗試重新定位判例為我國民法第1條之習慣法。希望能夠解決爭論已久的「判例」有無規範上拘束力之問題，並使空洞化的「習慣法」可以藉由法官法的重新注入，而獲得新的生命與內涵。

關鍵字

判例 ； 習慣 ； 習慣法 ； 法官法 ； 法源 ； 民法第1條 ； 規範上拘束力 ； 個案規範

並列摘要

The system of precedent in the practice during the trial has played a significant role und formed its own characters for the past 6 decades in Taiwan. The dissenting opinions of The Interpretation of the Council of Grant Justices No. 576 assumed that the system of precedent implemented by our supreme court is more likely to violate the constitution. These opinions for us are worth reconsidering again in this essay.
I especially try to submit the following new explainations, namely: ”The ratio decidendi declared in the precedent has obtained the same status as the custom of §1 of Taiwan's civil code with the legal obligation” according to the basic point of view which points out that the custom as the second most important resource of laws has lost its modern definiton and effectiveness. Through such a new definition the struggles relating to the status of the precedent can expectively be resolved. The custom law which is gradually losing its original definition in modern society could therefore be restored and used in our modern society.

並列關鍵字

precedent ； custom ； custom law ； judge-made law ； the resource of law ； Taiwan's civil code §1 ； legal obligation ； the standard formed by a case Fallnorm

參考文獻

王澤鑑(1983)。民法學說與判例研究（三）。台北=Taipei:王澤鑑=Wang, Tez-Chien。

王澤鑑(1987)。民法學說與判例研究（五）。台北=Taipei:王澤鑑=Wang, Tez-Chien。

王澤鑑(2008)。民法總則。台北=Taipei:王澤鑑=Wang, Tez-Chien。

王昱之(1988)。我國現行判例制度之研究=A study of the present system of precedent in Taiwan。政治大學法律研究所=Institute of Law, National Chengchi University。

王伯琦(1985)。民法總則。台北=Taipei:王伯琦=Wang, Bo-Chie。