公共政策制定過程的均衡與斷續─以毒奶粉事件處理模式為例

The Equlibrium and Punctuation for The Public Policy Making Process: Take the Processing Model of Poisonous Milk Powder Incident for Example

葉峯谷(Fung-Ku Yeh)

指導教授 ： 張四明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

一般對政治過程的描述，以穩定和漸進為主要特徵，並偶爾伴隨著被製造出來的大幅度改變。這是因為型塑官僚體系內部的官員與專家，長期接觸自己所熟悉領域的相關政策，所掌握到的資訊也較一般老百姓多，彼此容易達成共識並形成一個社群，共享相似的核心價值或政策意象，在不受到外界持續關注的前提下，儘可能地穩定處理自己所熟悉的政策議題，我國的食品安全政策體系就具有類似的性質。
然而，當我國自2002年加入世界貿易組織以後走上了開放道路，各式各樣產品透過貿易交換進入台灣。在全球化的時代，任何好的或不好的事情，傳播速度都加快了。當外在的大環境加快改變的速度，當人們因為經濟能力提高而增加對生活品質的要求，從「農場」到「餐桌」的食品安全，所受到的關注程度也大幅提高，外在環境平穩的歲月過去了。
另一方面，斷續均衡理論試圖描述在多元主義政治體系下的政策制定與變遷，在既有的穩定結構中居於非主流的政治或利益團體，基於自身的需求，利用各種事件去搶佔媒體議程，進一步試圖去改變政策議程的作為，並且同位居主流地位的政策專家社群互動。雖然說政策變遷的難度很高，代價也不小，但是並沒有什麼政策是不可以改變的，食品安全的政策也是如此，需要的只是時間和足夠的契機而已。本研究企圖藉由三聚氰胺毒奶粉事件的前因後果，來描述並交待這些政策制定過程的常態均衡與動態改變的過程。
另一方面，透過斷續均衡理論來解釋政策的均衡與斷續過程最大的限制，在於該理論的研究方法上對於人的關注不夠。如果要從人的角度來思考問題，倡導聯盟架構則提供了另外一個思考的方向。因此，本研究也企圖援引該架構的部份內容進來討論，希望能夠將整個政策變遷的過程描述的更加清楚。

關鍵字

政策制定、斷續均衡、倡導聯盟架構、毒奶粉事件、食品安全

並列摘要

A general description of the political process to stabilize and gradual as the main feature, and occasionally accompanied by significant changes have been produced. This is because the shape the bureaucratic system within the officials and experts in the field of long-term exposure are familiar with their own relevant policies, the grasp of information than ordinary people more likely to reach a consensus with each other and form a community, sharing a similar core values or policy image, and without sustained attention by the outside world under the premise of stability as much as possible to handle their own familiar with policy issues, China's food safety policy system on a similar nature.
However, when our country since the 2002 accession to the World Trade Organization embarked on an open road, wide range of products entering Taiwan through the trade exchange. In the era of globalization, any good or bad thing, propagation speed is accelerated. When the external environment to accelerate the pace of change, when people increase their financial capability to improve quality of life requirements, from the "farm" to "table" food safety, the degree of concern has also been a substantial increase in the external environment, stable years have passed.
On the other hand, intermittent attempts to describe the equilibrium theory of pluralistic political system in policy formulation and changes in the stability of the structure of the existing living in non-mainstream political or interest groups, based on its own needs, using a variety of events to seize the media agenda , further attempts to change the policy agenda of the act, and with the status of policy experts among the mainstream community interaction. Although the policy change was extremely difficult, the cost is not small, but no policy can not be changed, and food safety policy, too, just need time and adequate opportunity to nothing. This study attempts to melamine-tainted milk by the circumstances surrounding the incident, to describe and account for all these policy-making process of the normal equilibrium and dynamic process of change.
On the other hand, through intermittent equilibrium theory to explain the policy of balance of power and intermittent course of the biggest limitations is that the theoretical research methodology is not enough for the people's concern. If you think from the perspective of people, and promote an alliance structure provides another reflection direction. Therefore, this study also attempts to invoke the framework for discussion of some of the comments come in the hope that can change the whole policy process more clearly described.

並列關鍵字

Punctuation-Equlibrium、ACF、Poisonous Milk Powder Incident、Food Safety

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