評估植樹造林與太陽能光電板發電企業碳匯取得效益

Evaluation Efficiency of Acquisitive Carbon Credit for Industry from Foresting and Solar Photovoltaic System

鄭裕財(Yu-Tsai Cheng)

指導教授 ： 陳 庭 堅

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2010.00054

摘要

人為排放溫室氣體CO2是全球暖化的主因，為了抑制CO2排放，企業欲達成CO2減量目標，必須依靠碳匯、排放權交易、再生能源、改變燃料、提高能源效率等機制。一般企業利用植樹造林來取得「碳匯」，作為該企業擴廠或產能增加之抵扣量。植樹造林受限大面積土地取得不易，且生長緩慢，企業無法由植樹造林完全取得碳匯。太陽光電板發電(PV)係利用電位差發電，將光能(日射量)直接轉變成電能，沒有CO2排放，是方便又環保的能源，是企業取得碳匯的方式之一。本研究探討等量CO2減量，植樹造林與PV發電，二者成本差異。植樹造林之二氧化碳吸存量須考慮生產的樹種、材積量與樹齡，而PV發電量須考慮PV容量與設置場所平均日射量。研究結果顯示植樹造林平均CO2吸存量為11.87 ton/ha/y，而成本介於NT$ 2.15萬至6.45萬/ha/y。台灣地區7個氣象站年平均日射量介於10238至16267 kJ/m2/d，年平均日射量以南部地區最高，預估平均發電量2.8 kWh/m2/d。若以一公頃之植樹造林減碳量之PV系統，平均設置成本NT$ 29.02萬/ha/y。而同時考慮土地面積與設置成本，植樹造林減碳量0.18-0.56 kg/m2/NT$萬元，而PV系統平均1.76 kg/m2/NT$萬元。同時PV系統可減少NOx, SOx, 及PM10之排放分別為26.3, 9.3與7.4 kg/kWp/y。隨著PV發電效率提升，設置成本降低，顯示未來PV發電減碳潛力優於植樹造林減碳。

關鍵字

二氧化碳減量 ； 植樹造林 ； 太陽能光電板發電

並列摘要

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the main cause of global warming. In order to restrict the emission of CO2, industries have to depend on carbon sequestration, emission trading, renewable energy, fuel change, and improving energy efficiency. Most industries gain carbon credit by foresting; this credit is deducted when expanding the plant or increasing capabilities. Since foresting is limited to the availability of large land areas and the slow growth of trees, it is hard for industry to obtain the necessary carbon credit by foresting only. A Photovoltaic (PV) system converts light into electrical power by potential difference generation. A PV system will not emit CO2, is convenient and environmentally conservative, and is possibly a major industrial carbon credit method. This research examined the cost difference between foresting and PV system use to reduce the same amount of CO2. The tree volume produced and tree age was the main factor considered for absorbing CO2 by foresting. The PV system took the PV capacity and average daily solar radiation into account. The results showed that the absorption of CO2 by foresting averaged 11.87 ton/ha/y and the cost was between NTD 21,600 and 64,500/ha/y. The annual average daily radiation for seven analyzed weather stations in Taiwan was between 10,238 and 16,267 kJ/m2/d, and the highest was located in southern Taiwan. The estimated generated electricity average was 2.8 kWh/m2/d. Based on the same amount of CO2 sequestration in one hectare of foresting, the installation of a PV system was NTD 290,200/ha/y. If the land area and installation cost were considered simultaneously, the carbon reduction of foresting ranged from 0.18 to 0.56 kg/m2/NTD 10,000, and averaged 1.76 kg/m2/NTD 10,000 for the PV system. In addition, the emission reduction of NOx, SOx and PM10 for the PV system was 26.3, 9.3 and 7.4 kg/kWp/y, respectively. With the efficiency increasing and the installation cost decreasing, the potential for the carbon reduction with a PV system will be better than that of foresting.

並列關鍵字

reduce carbon dioxide emission ； foresting ； photovoltaic (PV) system generate

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