歐盟對外貿易與發展協定之人權條款－規定與實踐

The Human Rights Clause in the EU's External Trade and Development Agreements-Law and Practice

洪德欽(Der-Chin Horng)

《歐美研究》 34卷1期 (2004/03) Pp. 143-202

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.200403.0143

摘要

一九九○年代以後，歐盟在對外經貿及發展協定，系統性規定人權條款，做為協定之必要條件。協定另有補充條款，針對違反人權條款者，規定相關制裁措施。人權條款主要在於提高歐盟對外援助計畫之效率、促進第三國人權保障與政經改革、延伸歐盟人權普世理念等目標。本文依據法律分析及政策研究方法，針對歐盟人權條款之性質、概念、發展背景、法律規定、政策目標、實際運作等面向加以研究。人權條款代表歐盟對外政策之一項重要轉變，對人權普及、國際規則發展與各國合作關係皆有潛在影響，值得重視。

關鍵字

人權條款 ； 歐洲聯盟 ； 發展政策 ； 必要條件 ； 柯多努協定

並列摘要

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the EU's human rights clause, its external trade and development contexts and its foundation in international and EU law. Since 1992, the EU has included, in all its agreements with third countries, a clause defining respect for human rights and democracy as an 'essential element' of its external relationship. A Council decision of May 1995 spells out the basic modalities of this clause with the aim of ensuring consistency in the text used and its application. The human rights clause is unique to the EU's bilateral agreements, and now applies to over 120 countries. It represents a new model for EU external relations as well as for international cooperation. The EU plays a leading role in the WTO and international economic relations. The human rights clause will have implications for the development of international rules concerning trade-related human rights policy.

並列關鍵字

human rights clause ； European Union (EU) ； development policy ； essential element ； Cotonou Agreement

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