死刑意向之性別模型分析

Why They Support the Death Penalty: Examining Gender-Specific Models

謝靜琪(Ching-Chi Hsieh)

《犯罪與刑事司法研究》 12期 (2009/03) Pp. 25-58

https://doi.org/10.29861/CCJI.200903.0002

摘要

本研究對一大台北地區之樣本執行性別模型檢驗，採三組變項測量：象徵取向、犯罪顯著性與社會人口控制變項。本研究目的爲：一、檢驗民眾死刑意向、死刑懲處目的、犯罪被害經驗、犯罪被害恐懼與治安相關知覺之性別差異；二、檢驗死刑目的、犯罪被害經驗、犯罪被害恐懼與治安相關知覺對死刑支持之影響；三、探究與檢驗死刑意向之性別模型。多元迴歸分析發現，人道主義與應報主義皆爲二模型之顯著預測變項；性別差異則呈現於，一、人道主義於男性模型中預測力居首位，但於女性模型中居次，次於應報主義；二、男性模型中，認爲目前刑罰越嚴厲者，死刑支持程度越低，但女性模型中兩者並無顯著關係；三、男性模型中，犯罪被害恐懼越高者，死刑支持程度越低，但女性模型中此預測力並未達顯著水準；四、女性模型中，有暴力犯罪被害經驗者，死刑支持程度比無此經驗者低，但男性模型中此預測力並未達顯著水準；五、女性模型中，越認爲警察有能力處理犯罪案件，死刑支持程度越高，但男性模型中並無顯著影響。研究結果暗示，應報主義可能是死刑支持的最重要緣由，人道主義則可能是反對死刑的最主要因素，且不同性別死刑意向之緣由並非完全一致。

關鍵字

死刑意向 ； 犯罪被害恐懼 ； 應報主義 ； 人道主義 ； 嚇阻作用

並列摘要

The current research performed a gender-specific model analysis of death penalty support on a great-Taipei-area sample, employing three sets of variables-symbolic orientations, crime salience, and socio-demographical controls. There were three objectives in the current study. The first was to examine gender differences in the death penalty support, reasons supporting death penalty, victimization, fear of crime, and perception of public safety. The second objective was to assess the influence of reasons supporting death penalty, victimization, fear of crime, and perception of public safety on the death penalty support. The third objective was to explore and examine gender-specific models. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that humanitarianism and retribution were significant predictors in both gender models. Gender differences were also found. First of all, humanitarianism was the strongest predictor of death penalty support among males while second to retribution among females. Secondly, for men only, the more severe they perceived the current punishment, the stronger support they had for death penalty. Thirdly, for men only, the higher their fear of crime was, the less they supported for the death penalty. Fourthly, for women only, their experience of violent victimization decreased the support for death penalty. Finally, for women only, the more they believed in police’s capability in handling crime, the stronger they supported for the death penalty. The current research suggested that retribution may be the most important reason for supporting death penalty while humanitarianism the one against it, that there may be gender differences in reasons of supporting death penalty, and that different gender may not be coherent in reasons of supporting death penalty.

並列關鍵字

death penalty ； fear of crime ； retribution ； humanitarianism ； deterrence