新竹頭前溪竹東高灘地第一、二期人工溼地的植物變遷與水質淨化調查研究

The Investigation and Research of Plants Transition and Water Purification of Jhudong Highland on Hsinchu Touchien Riverside in The 1st and 2nd Stages of The Constructed Wetlands Projects

賴榮一(Jung-Yi Lai)

指導教授 ： 堀込憲二

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900296

摘要

摘要
新竹縣頭前溪第一、二期人工溼地總開挖面積約1.9公頃，內含A-P等16處不同大小水池。研究期間（2007.09-2008.08），植群總覆蓋度於2008年1月最高約39％，2008年8月最低約22％；維護管理將植群總覆蓋度控制在20-40％間。維護修剪樣區的植物呈現物種均勻的狀態，自然演替樣區物種集中於大花咸豐草。各季種數及歧異度於維護修剪區域明顯高於自然演替區域。自然演替區域的物種呈現逐漸均勻的趨勢，整體均勻度則呈現中等狀態，觀察溼地周圍環境的植群組成，推測在無人擾動任其自然演替下終會演替成台灣低海拔河川區喬木林社會結構，並以苦楝-山黃麻型為主的植被相。
2008年8月調查水生植物計有20科36種，與2004年12月完工階段比對多了4科7種物種。台灣萍蓬草、過長沙及紅蓼等三種物種調查期間無計錄；研究期間陸生植物於春季物種出現最多，記錄計61科166種，冬季最少，記錄計57科149種。與2004年5月規劃階段的植物調查比對，總類別增加26科50屬64種物種。溼地範圍內平均各季原生種佔全數物種的63％，經維護管理區域提供原生物種生長機會，原生物種較2004年多了36種。
氨氮去除率於2008年8月為71％未達設計去除率外，其餘各月皆高於設計目標值，並於2007年9月達98％去除率，年平均去除率達86％；水中懸浮物去除量未達設計目標質，推測原因為部分水池內及出水處植物密度較低，過濾懸浮固體的能力較差。生化需氧量與氨氮濃度各月均達設計目標值，水中懸浮物濃度則於2007年9、10月及2008年4、5、6月未達標準。檢測各月平均出流濃度達到設計目標值。
各水池植物覆蓋度與水中氨氮去除率的相關性分析，信度分析結果之Cronbach’s α係數為0.83，相關分析結果A、H、J等池覆蓋度的變化和氨氮去除率有顯著的相關性，其中以A池最顯著。分析歧異度結果，A池四季皆呈現複合生長的物種數最多及歧異度最高的現象，推測植物歧異度高低可能與水中氨氮去除率高低有關。D池顯示P值為0.096，介於臨界值，若提高進出水流檢測值與植群覆蓋度的樣本數，應可達顯著性，但並非表示各池的植物覆蓋面積越大氨氮去除率越高。

關鍵字

新竹頭前溪 ； 高灘地 ； 人工溼地 ； 植物變遷 ； 維護管理 ； 水質淨化

並列摘要

Abstract

At Tou-chian River of Hsin-chu county, the area of 1st and 2nd stages of constructed wetland is 1.9 hectare. It includes 16 different pounds from A to P. During the period of research, Sep. of 2007 to Aug. of 2008, the plants spatial heterogeneity had reach the highest percentage of 39% in Jan.2008, and the lowest of 22% in Aug. 2008. The percentage under maintenance control was between 20 to 40%. Plant species proportion in maintenance plots appears a well mix status, the species in the vegetation succession environment plots are mainly Bidens pilosa L.radiata（B1.）Sherff. The species in maintenance plots are much more divers than the vegetation succession environment plots. Plant species proportion in vegetation succession environment plots was gradually becoming even, the proportion of plant species was in an average status. From the observation of the plants’ formation of the wetlands surrounding, suppose in the undisturbed natural succession, it will eventually become a low altitude river basin vegetation structure of Taiwan. Melia azedarach L. and Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. will become the main members of this plants composition.
There are 20 family and 166 species of water plants recorded in the survey of Aug. 2008. It has 4 fmaily and 7 species more than the record of Dec. 2004 when the construction was finished. Nuphar shimadai Hayata, Bacopa monnieri（L.）Wettst. and Polygonum orientale L., these three species did not have record during the survey period. During the research period, the on land plants appeared the most in spring, total 61 family and 166 species. The least in the winter, 57 family and 149 species were recorded. However, there are 26 family, 50 genus, and 64 species more than the survey record of wetland planning in May 2004. Among the wetlands region, there are average 63% of native species in all seasons. Creating more chances for the native plants to survive by maintenance, the native plants increase 36 species in compare to the record of 2004.
Ammonia Nitrogen removed treatment was 71% in Aug.2008, had not reached the design standard. Excluding this month, all other months had exceeded the standard. It even reach 98% percent in Sept. 2007. The annual treatment average had reached 86%. However, the suspended solid (SS) treatment is not very effective, it might be caused by the lack of plants in the pond, therefore did not meet the design standard. BOD5 and NH3-N concentration in monthly average had reached the designed standard. Suspended solid (SS) concentration did not meet the standard in Sept., Oct. of 2007 and Apr., Mar., Jun. of 2008. The monthly average of water quality out concentration is above the expectation of design standard.
After the relative analysis of the plants spatial heterogeneity and NH3-N removed treatment in every pond, the reliability analysis result of the Cronbach’s α coefficient is 0.83. In pond A,H and J, the analysis result shows the changing of plant spatial coverage is highly related to the NH3-N removed treatment, and pond A had the most remarkable result. From the results of analyzing the plant diversity, pond A also had the most different and divers plants in all seasons. Therefore, we conjectured that the diversity of plants might also be close related to the NH3-N removed treatment. The P value in pond D is 0.096. However, it does not mean that the greater area of plant spatial heterogeneity is the better of NH3-N removed treatment would be.

並列關鍵字

Water Purification ； Hsinchu Touchien River ； Plants Transition ； Highland ； Constructed Wetlands ； Maintenance

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