性別vs.國家：五○年代的台灣小說－以《文藝創作》與文獎會得獎小說為例

Gender vs. Nation: Taiwan Fiction of the Fifties, Publications in "Literary Creation" and Winners of the "Chinese Literature Award"

梅家玲(Chia-Ling Mei)

《臺大文史哲學報》 55期 (2001/11) Pp. 31-76

https://doi.org/10.6258/bcla.2001.55.02

摘要

五○年代的官方文藝政策重在鼓吹戰鬥意識，倡議生聚教訓，其終極緣由，實來自於國共內戰所帶來的家國動蕩。當小說家意圖紀實／虛構其間的歷史軌跡時，所體現的，不僅是因時間流轉、空間位移而滋萌的憾恨傷懷，更是對「家國」意識的一再重新定義。然而，在華人社會特重家庭倫理的文化背景下，「國」之想像，必得要以「家」之實況為重要參考座標，才得以落實，以是，由男女夫妻互動而形成的性別關係，遂以此成為形塑家國想像的重要依據。但弔詭的是，性別論述在（被用以）建構家國想像的同時，卻也同時為（男性）家國意識的正當性與合理性，做出多面向的質疑與解構。配合官方政策而創設的「中華文藝獎金委員會」與《文藝創作》期刊，正是主導五○年代文學發展最具重要性的因素之一，本論文旨在以曾獲文獎會獎勵及《文藝創作》所刊載的小說為例，論析其間性別與家國多方辯證交鋒的實況，全文凡四部分：一、關於「文獎會」與《文藝創作》；二、戰鬥意識中的性別迷思；三、女性小說的性別政治；四、男人？抑是女人？－臺灣想像與性別化家國主體的糾葛。

關鍵字

性別 ； 家國 ； 五○年代 ； 台灣小說 ； 中華文藝獎金委員會 ； 文藝創作

並列摘要

Official policy on arts and literature in the 1950s focused on promoting fighting consciousness and getting citizens to learn from past experiences. The ultimate reason for the policy arose from the nation's unrest caused by the civil war between the KMT and the CCP. When writers tries to record or fabricate the trajectory of history, they revealed not only remorse and nostalgia for times and places lost, but also renewed the consciousness of ”nation” again and again. With family ethics prioritized in Chinese society, an imagined nation could materialize only if it was integrated with the reality of ”family.” Therefore, gender relations formed through the connubial interactions became important factors for shaping the imagination of a nation. Paradoxically, at the same time when gender discourse was used to construct the national imagination, it simultaneously questioned and deconstructed from many levels the legitimacy and rationality of the (male) national consciousness. In accordance with the official policy are the ”Chinese Literature Award Committee” (Zhunghua Wenyi Jiangjin Weiyuanhui) and ”Literary Creation (Wenyi Chuangzuo)”, both of which became the main factors dominating the development of literature in the fifties. The purpose of this article is to use works that were awarded by the Committee and were published in ”Literary Creation” as examples to analyze the dialectics and confrontations between gender and nation. Four issues will be discussed: 1. The Literature Award Committee and ”Literary Creation”; 2. Gender Myth in the fighting consciousness; 3. Sexual Politics in the Fiction of Women Writers; and 4. Men? Or Women-The entanglement of the Imagination of Taiwan and sexualized national subjectivity.

並列關鍵字

gender ； nation ； Taiwan fiction the fifties ； Chinese Literature Award Committee ； Literary Creation

參考文獻

王書川(1952)。瑞典之花。文藝創作。創刊週年紀念特刊

尼洛(1956)。紅蘿蔔（上）。文藝創作。61

尼洛(1956)。紅蘿蔔（下）。文藝創作。62

純公(1951)。塞外的溫暖。文藝創作。7

高前(1953)。短刀。文藝創作。24