台灣婚姻移民的人口學特性與公共衛生需求初探

Exploration of the Demographic Characteristics of Marital Immigrants in Taiwan and Its Public Health Needs

黎雅如(Ya-Ru Li) ； 沈佩瑩(Pei-Ying Shen) ； 廖玫涵(Mei-Han Liao) ； 林宜平(Yi-Ping Lin)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 25卷6期 (2006/12) Pp. 482-493

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2006-25-06-08

摘要

目標：本研究旨在描述台灣婚姻移民的人口學特性及地理分佈，並探討這些分佈對公共衛生政策可能的影響。方法：本研究彙整政府相關單位有關外籍婚姻配偶的次級資料進行分析。結果：台灣的婚姻移民以女性為主，佔所有婚姻移民的九成左右。從2000年起，每年都有約四萬名的女性婚姻移民進入台灣，這樣的異國聯姻約佔台灣每年結婚對數的四分之一。本國、中國、束南亞及其他國籍的新娘，年齡及教育程度有顯著差異，相較於本國籍新娘，中國與束南亞籍新娘較年輕，而且學歷較低。女性婚姻移民在台灣的地理分佈並不平均，外籍配偶人數最多的是台北縣（2萬人）及桃園縣（1.3萬人），而佔各縣市有偶女性人口的比例最高的則是新竹縣及澎湖縣（均為4.1%）。自2001年起台灣每年都有超過兩萬名的新生兒其生母非本國籍，約佔總新生兒人數的七分之一。結論：公共衛生政策應考量婚姻移民的人口學特性及其地理分佈，並持續追蹤相關政策對婚姻移民生理、心理及社會健康的影響。

關鍵字

婚姻移民 ； 人口學特性 ； 地理分佈 ； 婦幼衛生

並列摘要

Objectives: We investigate the current demographic and geographic distributions of marital immigrants in Taiwan, and discuss its impacts on public health. Methods: We retrieved and integrated secondary data from different government institutions for our analysis. Results: About 90% of marital immigrants in Taiwan are females. Since 2000, there were approximately forty thousand female marital immigrants migrated to Taiwan annually. Inter-racial marriages accounted for one-fourth of total marriages in Taiwan. Our study reveals that immigrant brides from China and Southeast Asian countries were significantly younger, and had significantly lower education as compared to Taiwanese brides. The geographic distribution of marital immigrants varied in Taiwan. The majority of marital immigrants from Southeast Asian countries resided in Taipei county (20 thousand) and Taoyuan (13 thousand). However, counties with the highest proportion of marital immigrant from Southeast Asian countries were Xinzhu and Penghu (both 4.1%). Since 2001, there were more than twenty thousand babies born of a ”foreign mother” annually, which accounted for about one-seventh of the total newborns in Taiwan. Conclusions: Public health policies should take marital immigrants' demographic characteristics and its geographic distribution into consideration. Further, we should follow the physical, psychological, and social health impacts of public policies on marital immigrants.

並列關鍵字

marital immigrants ； demographic characteristics ； geographic distribution ； maternal and child health

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