企業組織運作之內在績效指標建立之研究–以一般系統理論為研究觀點

The Study on a Constructing the Internal Performance Indicators of a Business Organization Operation–In the View of General System Theory

常紫薇(Tzu-Wai Chang)

指導教授 ： 顧志遠

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2002年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200200554

摘要

組織績效的評量指標，一直是備受關注的研究議題，通常使用的組織績效衡量指標都是針對已發生過事件所表現出的經營結果或落後指標，若僅由此結果來評估組織績效，卻忽略了構成組織績效的組織本質，可能有欠周全。
本研究回顧一般系統理論、現代系統理論和組織績效相關文獻，以「文獻資料分析法」為研究方法，在系統的整體性、穩定性、層次性、自組織性、目的性、突變性、開放性與相似性等八項特性基礎下，從內觀的角度建立代表不同系統特性的十九項組織績效內在指標。同時以個案調查為輔，檢驗本研究所建立之組織內在績效指標的適用性。
組織是一個開放系統系統，必須在變化的環境下保持系統的動態平衡，本研究發現系統的穩定性、層次性所表現出的安定力，自組織性、目的性表現所出的調節力，突變性、開放性所表現出的開創力，以及發揮整體性所需的整合力是維持組織內部環境穩定和外部環境適應力的四種作用力，能協助組織在不同的環境下維持動態平衡。
在一般系統理論與管理管理科學理論的異質同形與異途同歸的立論基礎下，本研究發展出系統特性應用於組織運作時的管理意涵舉隅，使得抽象的系統特性和具體的組織運作與管理方法得以整合與應用。例如，組織在面對快速變化的經營環境時，應強化組織的開創力；強化開創力，可從系統的突變性與開放性著手。假設組織選擇發展突變性，則可將組織運作重心置於「組織創新」上，並且以「彈性」、「風險與壓力」和「創新能力」為組織績效內在指標，導引員工的行為、達成組織目標。

關鍵字

一般系統理論 ； 內在指標 ； 系統特性 ； 系統理論 ； 組織績效

並列摘要

Organization performance is a popular object, however, the organization performance indicators we used now are most financial, external indicators to express the “outcomes” of business operation. These kinds of indicators may be hard to measure the whole organization performance because they are not the essential of an organization performance.

The thesis is taking secondary analysis as the research methodology and case- study as an approach to approve the fitness between the secondary data and current practice. By reviewing the papers concerning the “ general system theory”, “system theory” and “organization performance”, the nineteen items of internal organization performance indicators are constructed on the eight system characteristics: wholeness, stability, levelness, finality, self-organization, catastrophe. Open characteristic and similarity.

Organization is an open system, which has to maintain dynamic equilibrium in the changing environment. The steady and secure consists of stability and levelness, the adaptability consists of finality and self-organization, the innovation and creativity consists of catastrophe and open characteristic, and the integration presents the wholeness. These four functionalities in the organization will help the organization facing the different environmental requirement.

Based on isomorphism and equifinality, the thesis also concludes the management meaning by the system characteristics enable the abstract system characteristic to operate in the practice. For example, facing the expeditious changing environment, an organization could develop it’s innovation and creativity, therefore, catastrophe or open characteristic will be the choice, if the organization decide to develop the catastrophe firstly , they shall arrange their main operation as “organization Innovation” and set “flexibility ”,”tolerance to risks and pressures”, “ability to create New idea “ as the organization performance internal indicators and lead the employees to meet the organization goal.

並列關鍵字

organization performance ； system theory ； system characteristic ； General system theory ； internal indicator

參考文獻

10. 李長貴 (1998)，組織行為。台北：華泰文化事業股份有限公司，初版。P.60.

5. 吳秉恩　(1991)，管理才能發展方案實施與成效關係之研究，政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。

17. 張世佳（1995），製造策略與事業策略之配適分析　－　高科技廠商之實證。台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。

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