三重失靈危機下的國際經貿體系

International Economic System under Triple Failures

廖舜右(Shun-Yo Liao)

《全球政治評論》 30期 (2010/04) Pp. 69-96

https://doi.org/10.29899/JRM.201004.0003

摘要

以霸權穩定論、新自由制度主義，及建構學派的架構觀點而言，當代的國際經貿體系正處於「三重失靈」的危機當中：第一重是美國霸權的衰退，美國是否能夠繼續以霸權姿態主導以往全球經貿的運作模式令人質疑；第二重是世界貿易組織機制逐漸失靈，區域貿易協定、貿易訴訟與貿易壁壘的情況持續惡化；第三重是代表資本主義與自由貿易的華盛頓共識受到挑戰，民族主義、馬克斯主義，以及凱因斯主義等意識型態，以強調分配與公平的訴求，再度重新崛起。當代以美國霸權、WTO架構，以及自由貿易理念為核心的國際經貿體系已受到重大衝擊，而由此所引發的對峙將提高政治衝突的可能性。

關鍵字

國際經貿體系 ； 保護主義 ； 霸權穩定論 ； 新自由制度主義 ； 建構學派

並列摘要

In terms of concepts from hegemonic stability theory, neoliberalism, and constructivism, contemporary international economic and trade system encounters the crisis of triple failures. The first failure is the decline of American hegemony; the US. dominance in the global economic and trade order is under challenge. The second failure is the malfunction of WTO frameworks; the proliferation of RTAs, trade disputes, and trade blocs grow faster than expected. The third failure refers to the ideological challenge facing Washington consensus which represents capitalism and free trade spirits; nationalism, Marxism, and Keynesianism focused on domestic distribution and fairness have resurrected again. Contemporary international economic and trade system founded upon the US hegemony, WTO frameworks, and free trade spirits have been shattered and therefore, the possibility of political conflicts increases significantly.

並列關鍵字

International economic and trade system ； protectionism ； hegemonic stability theory ； neo-liberalism ； constructivism