臺灣文化資產保存歷程概要

A Brief History on Cultural Heritage Conservation of Taiwan

林一宏(Yi-Hung Lin)

《國立臺灣博物館學刊》 64卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 75-106

摘要

本文從保存意識、保存對象、保存法令與實際行動等，探討臺灣自19世紀後半期迄今的文化資產保存歷程。清代臺灣已有古蹟的觀念，但僅存在於地方志中的文人雅士的吟詠感嘆，官府並無實際作為。日治時期歷經官方主導的舊慣調查、「臺灣文化三百年」學術研究等階段，臺灣文化資產保存事業於1922年法制化，1933年起依據「史蹟名勝天然記念物保存法」指定「史蹟」等，但其保存事業隨著二次大戰結束日本戰敗而中止。戰後文資保存運動由民俗學家與藝術家發動，於1960年代起盟釀復興，1970年代古蹟保存運動成為鄉土運動的一支，由建築學界展開古蹟調查與修復工作。古蹟保存運動促成行政院文化建設委員會於1981年成立，及1982年施行「文化資產保存法」迄今已29年。綜觀臺灣文化資產保存的歷程，不論在日治或戰後，文化資產保存對象均真有濃厚的政治性格；民間菁英積極努力保存文化資產的作為、催促著政府前進;政府握有法令及預算，在文資保存工作上扮演關鍵角色。

關鍵字

文化資產 ； 古蹟 ； 史蹟 ； 建築 ； 保存運動 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

The article aim s to investigate the history and conservation of cultural heritage in Taiwan since the late 19th century, with conservation awareness, subject eligibility , legislative laws, and execution as the key axes of discussion. While the concept of a 'historical site' was already prevalent during the Qing dynasty, it belonged to a more esoteric crowd where its studies and discourses were echoed only in literature and collected essays; the government had not invested any commendable effort beyond the theoretical studies. In the era of Japanese colonial rule, the government led the 'old habit investigation' and various similar academic researches like the 'Three Hundred Years of Formosa's Culture,' which subsequently inspired the legalization of cultural heritage preservation in 1922. In 1933, the 'Preservation of Historical, Famous, and Natural Sites and Monuments Act' led the induction of eligible 'historical sites,' but the initiative was interrupted and pre-maturely terminated by Japan 's untimely defeat in World War II. In 1960, folklorists and historians revitalized this cultural heritage preservation movement, and through meticulou s planning and research, the 'Ancient Monument Preservation' initiative became a branch of the 'Native Movement＂ in the 1970s, led by architectural institutions. The 'Ancient Monument Preservation ' program was established in 1981 with the aid of the Council of Cultural Affairs, and the 'Cultural Heritage Preservation Act' was launched into effect in 1982. Throughout the history of the preservation of cultural assets in Taiwan, the preserved objects in question all have, regardless of their pre or post WWII context, thick political characteristics. Elite civil servants have been actively engaged with the preservation of cultural assets, and their efforts have urged the government's forward progression. The government, which dictates the laws and funds, maintains its unquestioning authority and significance in the preservation initiatives.

並列關鍵字

cultural heritage ； ancient monument ； historic/historical sites ； architecture ； conservation movement ； Taiwan ； Formosa

參考文獻

周鍾瑄、陳夢林(1983)。諸羅縣志。南投縣:臺灣省文獻委員會。

劉良璧(1993)。重修福建臺灣府志。臺北市:臺灣省文獻委員會。

許雪姬總策劃(2004)。臺灣歷史辭典。臺北:文建會。

陳培桂(1993)。淡水廳志。臺北市:臺灣省文獻委員會。

高拱乾(1993)。臺灣府志。南投市:臺灣省文獻委員會。