澳洲布里斯本澳籍台裔的離散認同研究

The Diasporic Identities of Taiwanese Immigrants in Brisbane, Australia

蔡珮(Pei Tsai)

《人口學刊》 40期 (2010/06) Pp. 91-155

https://doi.org/10.6191/jps.2010.3

摘要

本論文在澳洲布里斯本進行22個月的田野調查，深度訪談65位澳籍台裔，從符號互動論角度瞭解台灣移民如何在人際互動中建構自我認同並構連所歸屬的想像共同體。本文在理論耙梳與田野來回交錯中，發現Mead符號互動論在互動中構連自我認同與想像共同體的關鍵是「重要象徵符號」，不過，Mead似乎只考慮了一個共同體中「趨同」的重要象徵符號，但忽略和外部族群互動所產生的「區異」重要象徵符號也會形成族群邊界。本論文於是結合Mead符號互動論與Barth族群邊界理論，掌握「邊界」同時具備了「區分」（他族與我族）與「連結」（我族個體）兩種特質，比符號互動僅關注「趨同」面向，更能直指「認同」的核心：既是「差異」也是「同一」。研究發現，澳籍台裔離散認同是一個「混雜的想像共同體」，由三種族群想像共同體組成：「中國人共同體」、「台灣人共同體」與「澳洲人共同體」，源自三種共同體的離散認同有八種樣貌：「在澳洲的台灣人」、「也（不）是台灣人也（不）是澳洲人，或是不同比例的兩種組合」、「台裔澳洲人」、「華裔澳洲人」、「中國人或來自台灣的中國人」、「在哪裡就是哪裡人」、「國際人」與「亞澳居間人」。就台裔離散而言，離散認同的邊界不盡然維持，也不盡然腐蝕，有的只是邊界的跨越、矛盾與協商。面對全球化的多元發展，理解一群離散移民認同的方式應該關注其中的混雜與流動，離散族群在同一時間會歸屬於不同的共同體，「混雜的想像共同體」正在離散族裔內部浮現。

關鍵字

離散 ； 混雜的想像共同體 ； 離散認同 ； 台灣移民 ； 澳洲

並列摘要

This research examined the diasporic identities of Taiwanese immigrants in Brisbane, Australia, using theoretical frameworks of both Mead's symbolic interactionism and Barth's theory of ethnic boundary to analyze the ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews the researcher conducted with 65 Taiwanese migrants in Brisbane, in order to understand how Taiwanese migrants construct self identities through interpersonal interactions and how they construct imagined communities. In Mead's symbolic interactionism, the crucial factor to articulate self identity and imagined community was the ”significant symbol”. However, Mead seemed to consider the ”identifying” significant symbols only within a community. He ignored the ”differentiating” significant symbols derived from inter-group contact which would also form an ethnic boundary. The researcher combined the theories of Mead and of Barth to demonstrate that boundary contains two characteristics at the same time: differentiating (my own group from other groups) and connecting (members of my own group). The combined approach complements Mead's symbolic interactionism, which focused primarily on identifying the commons, and better represents the core nature of identity: it is both difference and similarity at the same time.
The research results showed that the diasporic identities among Taiwanese immigrants in Australia are a ”hybrid imagined community” consisting of Chinese, Taiwanese, and Australian imagined communities. Eight kinds of ethnic identities originated from those three imagined communities: ”Taiwanese in Australia”, ”both (or both not) Taiwanese and Australian (or the combination of both types with various ratios)”, ” Taiwanese Australian”, ”Chinese Australian”, ”Chinese or Chinese from Taiwan”, ”Australian when in Australia, and Taiwanese when in Taiwanese”, ”global citizen”, and ”Asian Australian”. For Taiwanese diaspora, the boundary of diasporic identities could neither be completely maintained nor eroded. There are boundary crossings. It is fluid boundary that could be crossed, contradicted, and negotiated. The understanding of diasporic migrant identities under globalization and multicultural development should focus on the fluidity and hybridism within identities. Diasporic groups belong to different communities at the same time. The ”hybrid imagined community” is emerging within diasporic groups.

並列關鍵字

diaspora ； hybrid imagined community ； diasporic identity ； Taiwanese immigrants ； Australia

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