注意力焦點策略用於提升爭搶籃板球跳躍高度的效益：系統性回顧

目的：彙整注意力焦點用於提升跳躍高度的相關研究，從理論與實務層面結合爭搶籃板球之動作概念，供教練與研究者作為指導與後續研究依據。方法：以系統性回顧彙整注意力焦點指導對提升跳躍動作的實證研究，將納入的13篇文獻以實驗架構、方法、口述指導內容進行彙整與討論。結果：不論性別差異，從無經驗到半職業的青少年至成年人，在跳躍時將注意焦點關注球體、目標物、天花板或搭配增強回饋的複合式策略，可產生較低量的下肢肌肉活化來增加峰值功率輸出、峰值速度、下肢剛性、平均向心速度、向心脈衝以提升跳躍高度，著地時則可提升膝關節屈曲角度，並有效降低垂直作用力加以緩衝，且具備一週保留效果。結論：爭搶籃板球起跳時，若過度要求選手專注自身動作，則會干擾與牽制選手執行動作的肌肉協調和自動控制，造成對跳躍動作的約束而降低跳躍高度。因此，應採用外在焦點或搭配增強回饋的複合式策略指導跳躍動作，除了可提升整體高度外，過程中可自然調節動作系統，促使整體動作控制更趨向自動化，來提升跳躍高度。

關鍵字

籃球；垂直跳躍；深蹲跳；下蹲跳；約束行為假說

並列摘要

Purpose: By integrating the literature on the role of attentional focus in jumping height, this study clarifies the concept of grabbing rebounds from theoretical and practical perspectives and serves as a reference for coaches and researchers. Method: A systematic review of 13 empirical studies on attentional focus on jump height was conducted to integrate and discuss the experimental framework, methodology, and oral instruction content. Results: This work showed that adolescents and adults of both sexes, ranging from inexperienced to semi-professional, used external attentional strategies focusing on a ball, a target, or a ceiling or compound strategies with augmented feedback while jumping. The pieces of training mentioned above would produce less low limb muscle activation to increase peak power output, peak velocity, lower limb stiffness, mean centripetal velocity, and centripetal pulse. These advantages would be associated with increased jump height and knee flexion angle during landings and reduced vertical forces to increase cushioning. Moreover, the performance under the guidance of the above strategies was retained over a week. Conclusion: Put too much focus on body movements during rebound jumps may limit players' muscle coordination and automatic body control, thus reducing the jump height. Therefore, instructors can combine external focus with augmented feedback to help basketball players automatically regulate their motor movement, which can increase jump height.

並列關鍵字

basketball ； vertical Jump ； countermovement jump ； drop jump ； constrained actions hypothesis

參考文獻

邱文信、陳羿揚、王文芬 (2021)。從動作協調觀點釐清注意力焦點指導對立定跳遠動作型態改變的影響。華人運動生物力學期刊，18(1)，26-33。https://doi.org/10.3966/207332672021031801004。

東方介德 (2001)。籃板球搶奪技巧之影響因素探討。中華體育季刊，15(1)，76-84。https://doi.org/10.6223/qcpe.1501.200106.1810。

黃可欣、陳帝佑、林靜兒 (2013)。注意力焦點與動作技能學習：指導與回饋。中華體育季刊，27(1)，67-72。https://doi.org/10.6223/qcpe.2701.201303.1310。

陳羿揚、林琨瀚、邱文信 (2021)。手指動作對改變棒球投擲球路的效益：系統性回顧。中華體育季刊，25(2)，113-124。http//doi: 10.6223/qcpe.202106_ 35(2). 0005。

蔡彥佑、王國鑌、陳泰廷 (2018)。注意力焦點與高爾夫運動表現的研究典範：回顧與未來展望。臺灣運動心理學報，18(1)，77-93。https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.201805_18(1).0005。

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