大專男子甲組足球選手成績表現對教練領導行為影響之研究

本研究旨在探討大專男子甲組足球選手成績表現對教練領導行為知覺的影響。研究對象為九十二年大專院校甲組足求聯賽共151位選手，平均年齡為20.46±1.58歲。以「運動領導量表」為研究工具進行問卷調查，回收問卷以「單因子變異數分析」及「獨立樣本t考驗」進行分析。研究結果得知：一、不同背景變項中，每週練習6天以上的選手，比每週練習4-5天的選手，知覺教練較高的專制行為。最高運動成就方面：國家級選手皆比全（區）運級、校隊級選手知覺教練有較高的訓練與指導行為、專制行為及關懷行為。二、不同成績表現之大專足球選手知覺教練領導行為在民主、專制與獎勵方面有顯著差異存在，且高表現組均高於低表現組。研究結果發現，大專男子甲組足球選手其運動成就愈高以及成績表現愈佳的團隊，皆知覺教練有較高的專制領導行為。研究顯示，教練的訓練與指導、民主、關懷及獎勵等行為固然影響團隊的成績表現，而專制領導行為之因素，則更具重要的影響。可見領導者特質與選手特質的不同交互作用，會直接或間接影響團體成績表現。

關鍵字

大專甲組足球；成績表現；教練領導行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate how coaches' leadership behavior influences the performance of male A league soccer players. The subjects of this study were 151 male A league soccer players in 2003 colleges and universities nationwide with average age 20.46±1.58 years. The questionnaire ”Leadership Scale of Sport” was used as research instrument. The data was analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Independent t-Test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. With different backgrounds, the perceived coaches of the athletes having more than six days of training frequencies appear to have more autocratic behaviors than those who have 4~5 days of training frequencies. All of the national level players' perceived coaches' leaderships on coaches' ”training and instruction”, ”autocratic behavior” and ”social support” were higher than those of national games level and school team level players. 2. The peuception of coaches' ”democratic behavior”, ”autocratic behavior” and ”positive feedback” of athletes in the helter performance group is significantly higher than those in the worse performance group. The results indicate that the better sports achievement and sport performance that male A league soccer players have, the higher perception of coach's ”autocratic behavior” they have. We conclude that the effects of coaches' leadership behavior on team performance are not gnorable. Coaches' autocratic behavior is a more important determination than other coaches' leadership behavior.