2009-2015世界體操錦標賽男子地板決賽動作發展趨勢

Trends in the Floor Exercise from 2009 to 2015 of the Artistic Gymnastics World Gymnastics Championships Men's Apparatus Final

翁士航(Shih-Hang Weng) ； 何采容(Tsai-Jung Ho) ； 麥劉湘涵(Hsiang-Han Mai Liu) ； 柯耀雲(Yao-Yun Ke)

《文化體育學刊》 27輯 (2018/10) Pp. 47-58

https://doi.org/10.6634/JPSS-CCU.201810_(27).0005

摘要

目的：探討2009年到2015年世界競技體操錦標賽男子第三競賽地板項目單項決賽之各年度與各參賽國家起評分（Start value）比較差異及技巧動作價值與類群發展變化。方法：以48名單項決賽選手，運用統合分析（meta-analysis）將動作實施進行資料彙整，再經無母數統計分析，顯著水準定為α= .05。結果：（一）2009年至2015年各年之起評分比較達顯著差異（p＜ .05）。（二）各國起評分經進步率統計可看出日本進步率6.67%為各國之最，僅次於日本為美國與俄羅斯進步率分別為3.09%與2.45%。（三）2009年至2015年向前技巧動作總實施數量達35%，向後技巧動作為53%，非技巧動作為12%。結論與建議：（一）2009年規則改變後起評分逐年增加，進一步推論，未來起評分成長幅度將有機會提升1至2%。（二）日本為進步率最多且參賽次數最多之國家，因此如欲提升選手之地板項目發展，可將日本隊伍進步作為發展重要參考依據。（三）目前整套動作以C或D為基本難度，類群編排建議應以均勻分配。

關鍵字

起評分 ； 動作類群 ； 進步率

並列摘要

Objective: To investigate the comparative difference of the start value of each world championship and all competing nations, and the development of and change in the value and types of acrobatic elements in the individual final of men's apparatus final in floor exercise in the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships from 2009 to 2015. Methods: Through meta-analysis, the moves performed were collected and compiled, followed by a nonparametric statistical analysis; the significance level was set at α= .05. Results: (1) The comparison of the start value of each year from 2009 to 2015 showed a significant difference (p＜ .05). (2) From the statistics of the progress rate, it could be seen that the progress rate of Japan was the highest, reaching 6.67%, followed by the USA (3.09%) and Russia (2.45%.) (3) The total number of forward acrobatic elements performed reached 35%, that of backward acrobatic elements were 53%, and that of non-acrobatic elements were 12% in the years 2009-2015. Conclusion and recommendations: (1) The start value gradually increased after the changes in the rules in 2009, which leads us to further infer that the start value might grow to 1-2% in the future. (2) Japan was the country with the highest progress rate and participation frequency among the participating nations, so to improve the performance of gymnasts in floor exercise, Japan can be an important reference. (3) At present, C and D are the basic level of difficulty in the whole set of movements, and types of acrobatic elements should be equally distributed to the backward skills.

並列關鍵字

start value ； types of acrobatic elements ； progress rate

參考文獻

俞智贏(2006)。從新規則的修定探討男子體操訓練方法的因應。中華體育季刊。20(2)，86-91。

夏書宇(2012)。世界男子自由體操動作發展特徵：基於倫敦 運周期規則體系的探討。首都體育學院學報。24(4)，306-311。

翁士航(2011)。競技體操跳馬實施動作流程之探討。中華體育季刊。25(2)，382-387。

陳君裕(2004)。國際體操發展趨勢─以第35 屆世界體操錦標賽男子體操為例。文化體育學刊。2，191-198。

陳智郁、高明峰、陳光輝(2013)。地板、吊環、單槓項目評分規則修改內容對整套動作編排的影響─以2013 年版國際男子競技體操評分規則為例。大專體育。127，23-30。