論戴震的哲學體系

Study on the System of Dai Zhen's Philosophy

黃勇中(Yong-Zhong Huang)

《清雲學報》 32卷2期 (2012/04) Pp. 95-114

https://doi.org/10.7049/JCYU.201204.0097

摘要

戴震（1724－1777），字東原，安徽休寧人，早年師事同鄉大儒江永（1681－1762），東原一生勤於治學，宿志求真，學識精深，在文字、聲韻、訓詁、名物、典制、數學、天文、地理以及哲學方面皆有輝煌成就。在哲學方面，東原建立了一個「系統」的哲學，這樣的成就在清乾嘉時期注重實證的學術氛圍之下，更顯得難能可貴，東原的哲學思想具有一貫性，即其所持論點皆基於共同原則而產生相互關係及次序，而每一部份在東原的哲學整體之中皆有其不可轉換的地位及功能，也就是說東原所討論的問題是全面性的，且東原在處理這些問題時有自覺的統一性，東原利用了從自己基本思想原則得來的目的和方法的統一，以從事和指導全部知識資料的統一加工。本文期望透過對東原哲學著作的爬梳，嘗試呈現東原完整之哲學體系。

關鍵字

戴震 ； 哲學 ； 系統 ； 哲學體系

並列摘要

Dai Zhen (Dong Yuan, 1724~1777) was born in Xiu Ning, An Hui. He learned from the famous scholar Jiang Yong (1681~1762) in the early times of his learning. Dong Yuan was a hard-working scholar during his life-time, seeking for the truth of knowledge. He achieved great success on etymology, phonology, scholium, regulations and systems, math, astronomy, geography, and philosophy. Dong Yuan contributed a lot in philosophy and built a ”system” in this field. Under the empirical research atmosphere in Qianlong and Jiaqing period, Dong Yuan developed a wholly different research system. Consistency could be found in his philosophy. Besides, every part of his argument could not be transformed or reversed. In other words, all the questions discussed by Dong Yuan were under fully consideration and based on his own principle. Besides, Dong Yuan processed the knowledge and information, sorting them into different categories by his consistent principle. This paper tried to present the complete system of Dong Yuan’s philosophy through investigating into his works.

並列關鍵字

Dai Zhen ； philosophy ； system ； system of philosophy