晶圓代工之設計服務合作模式演進之探索研究

An Exploratory Study on the Evolution of Collaboration Models between Foundry and its Design Service Company

秦北斗(Bei-Dou Chin)

指導教授 ： 李吉仁

共同指導教授 ： 黃崇興(Chung-Hsing Huang)

國立臺灣大學/管理學院/商學研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2009.01028

摘要

半導體產業發展演變至今近一甲子，在台灣亦有近半的發展歷史，產生非常卓越的績效，其中又以在產業第二次分工時，所成立的晶圓代工廠最為醒目。國內晶圓雙雄營業額已佔有全球近七成之市場，但隨著製程技術與設計技術間的差距有越來越大的趨勢，而系統單晶片(System on Chip, SoC）利用類似堆積木的設計平台（platform）做法，以便能在短時間內完成整個系統規畫，可能是目前最可行的解決方案之一。於是，晶圓代工廠與IC設計服務者間的緊密合作，便成為平台發展的重要關鍵。有鑑於此，本研究針對國內晶圓雙雄，台積電與聯電，與其緊密配合的設計服務業者間，依晶圓代工的發展策略演進的合作關係，進行跨時的個案研究與學理應用討論，希望藉此討論晶圓代工產業未來的演進走向，從而提出對產業發展的建言。

具體而言，晶圓代工廠與IC設計服務業者間的合作關係是漸進演變的，而「台積電-創意」與「聯電-智原」兩組對偶（dyad）個案呈現迥然不同的發展歷程與策略考量，本研究採取「關係觀點理論」（Relational View）及「關係租」（Relational Rents）效益的方法，來分析驅動各階段演進的驅力與策略目的。以晶圓代工廠為主體，透過整理分析兩組對偶個案之演進與效益的重要成果，確認出影響演進之驅力與影響驅力的原因，及所呈現的競爭優勢之類型。本研究共確認四項驅力及影響每項驅力背後之兩項因素，並據此提出十二項解釋性的命題（Propositions），且推估未來產業變化的趨勢及提出策略建議。本研究之管理意涵對於半導體產業而言，建議為若想要追求關係租的極大化，則需要藉助產業鏈中各類廠商的積極協調與合作，而非僅依賴單一類型廠商擁有絕佳的表現就可達成；而晶圓代工廠若期待能扮演平台整合者，則其核心能耐絕不能僅鎖定在製程開發，還須對上下游技術有所著墨才行；而與晶圓代工廠配合的專屬設計服務公司，需持續強化其委託設計之核心能耐，才能提高自身獲利以及被依賴程度；最後，本論文亦提出對未來研究之建議方向。

關鍵字

關係理論 ； 關係租 ； IC設計服務 ； 晶圓代工 ； 交易成本

並列摘要

After six decades of industry development, of which half of the history closely related to Taiwan, semiconductor industry indeed achieved a phenomenon growth and significant accomplishment in the world. Especially, the rise of foundry-fabless model in the 2nd phase of semiconductor industry evolution has significantly changed the industry landscape. The top two foundries, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp. (TSMC) and United Microelectronics Corp. (UMC), have occupied more than 70% of the global foundry business. However, the development gap between process development and IC design technique is getting widened more than ever. The SoC (System on Chip) has been considered as one of the most effective solutions to narrow the gap. The core concept of SoC design is to create platform which serves as building blocks and facilitates finishing a complete plan of IC design at the system level. To enhance the effectiveness of design and manufacturing processes, the cooperation between foundry and its captive design service company becomes a critical factor of success. The primary purpose of this thesis is to undertake a longitudinal case study on the evolutionary development between foundry and its design service partner, upon which investigation propositions regarding future collaborative models and industry policy are based.

In essence, the collaborative relationship between foundry and its design service company is a progressive evolution. The two pairs studied in this thesis, namely tsmc-GUC and UMC-Faraday, had totally different development paths because of their different strategic thinking. With the notion of Relationl View and the conceptualization of dyad relationship, we identify driving forces of progressive collaboration and strategic purposes of each phase. We take foundry as the focal firm to recognize the driving forces, influencing factors and competitive advantages through comparison and analysis between/within dyads and figure out relational rents they produced. Our paper discusses four main driving forces and two influencing factors underlying each force. We submit totally twelve exploratory propositions based on above conceptualization and logic inference, with which we expect to interpret the developing trend of industry and suggest strategic directions.

並列關鍵字

Relational View ； Relational Rents ； IC design service ； Foundry ； Transaction costs

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