學校行政主管領導風格、行政人員工作壓力與工作滿足關係之研究 －以臺北市國民中學為例

Study on relation between Leadership Style of Administrative Chief and Job Stress and Job Satisfaction of Administrative Staff in School －with Junior High School of Taipei as Example

張翠芬(Tsui-Fen Chang)

指導教授 ： 李弘暉

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討臺北市國民中學行政主管領導風格、行政人員工作壓力與工作滿足之現況及其關聯性，期藉此研究發現，提出具體建議，以供教育行政機關及學校作為參考，進而提供規劃國民中學行政主管與行政人員在職進修研習資訊，提升專業知能並增進學校行政效能。本研究主要採用問卷調查法，以臺北市公立國民中學之行政人員為研究取樣範圍，本研究編製「學校行政主管領導風格、行政人員工作壓力與工作滿足關係之研究調查問卷」做為調查工具，問卷內容主要包括四部分：第一部分為「領導風格量表」、第二部分為「工作壓力量表」、第三部分為「工作滿足量表」、第四部分為「個人背景變項」，正式問卷共發出 30 校 600 份。回收有效問卷計 306 份，有效樣本回收率為51.﹪，所得資料以描述性統計、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、廻歸及複廻歸分析等方法進行統計。最後歸納分析結果，並提出建議。
壹、 綜合文獻分析及問卷調查結果，得到以下結論：
一、臺北市國民中學行政主管領導行為較屬於「高體恤高體制」之領導風格，其行政人員對工作壓力的感受屬於中等偏低程度，感到壓力最高的是「工作負荷」；對工作滿足的感受覺則屬於中等程度以上，且呈現較高的是「內在滿足」層面。
二、臺北市國民中學行政人員對工作壓力的感受，因不同性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度、行政職務、是否兼任教職、行政年資、服務處室，有不同的差異存在。對工作滿足的感受，則會因不同性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、行政職務、服務處室，而有不同的差異存在。
三、臺北市國民中學行政主管領導風格對行政人員工作壓力呈顯著的負相關，對行政人員工作滿足則呈顯著的正相關。
四、臺北市國民中學行政人員的工作壓力對工作滿足呈顯著的負相關。
五、領導風格中「體制」與「體恤」變數對於工作壓力具有顯著的負向影響，對於工作滿足則具有顯著的正向影響。
六、工作壓力的各影響因素對於工作滿足的各層面皆具有顯著的負向影響。
貳、 研究者根據上述結論提出建議：
一、對學校行政主管之建議
（一）了解個人領導現況與行政人員知覺情形，適時調整領導行為。
（二）擬定明確工作職掌範圍，減輕工作負荷。
（三）知人善任，適時輪調，減輕工作負荷並增進行政歷練。
（四）營造友善校園氣氛，建立溝通管道，增進行政人員参與決策的機會。
（五）增強行政人員工作滿足因素，以提昇工作行為表現。
二、對學校行政人員之建議
（一）建立正確的工作態度與習慣，做好壓力管理，重視自我調適。
（二）建立終身學習理念，提昇自我專業能力，建立專業形象。
（三）拓展人際關係，積極參與決策，營造工作創新與成長。

關鍵字

行政主管 ； 行政人員 ； 領導風格 ； 工作壓力工作滿足

並列摘要

This Research is aimed at finding the realities and connection between the leadership style of administrative chief and the job stress and job satisfaction of administrative staff of junior high school. Findings of the research will be based to provide practical suggestions for the reference of education administrative agencies and schools. It may also serve to be a guide in designing training and advance studies of administrative chief and staff in acquiring professional knowledge and skills for bettering administration efficacy of school.
In this research, we adopted Questionnaire Survey Method. The objects to be surveyed are the administrative personnel of junior high school of Taipei City. The tool for the survey is “Questionnaire for Studying the Relation between Leadership Style of Administrative Chief and Job Stress & Job Satisfaction of Administrative Staff” ad designed specially for this research. Contents of questionnaire covered 4 parts. The first part is Scale of Leadership Style, the second part is Scale of Work Stress, the third part is Scale of Job Satisfaction and the 4th part is “Individual Background Variables”. 600 copy of questionnaire were sent and was responded with 306 copies. The recovering rate of valid samples is 51%. Data collected was tested and analyzed with Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Independent Sample T-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Analysis, Regression and Multi-Regression Analysis. The findings and results are concluded and are based for providing suggestions.
I. The following conclusions are drawn from the literature analysis and results of
questionnaire survey:
1. The leadership of administrative chief of Junior High School in Taipei City is leaning toward High Consideration / High Initiating Structure leadership style, and the administrative staff sensed medium-to-low job stress and the highest stress comes from Work Load; and their sensed Job Satisfaction is above medium level and the higher part is in Internal Satisfaction.
2. The perception of Job Stress of Administrative Staff of Junior High School in Taipei City varies in different levels with the differences in sex, age, marital status, educations, administrative job /position, whether covered teach or not, administrative seniority, office served; and, the perception of Job Satisfaction varies in different levels with the difference in sex, age, marital status, administrative job/ position and office served.
3. There exists with significant negative correlation between the Leadership Style of Administrative Chief and the Job Stress of Administrative Staff of Junior High School in Taipei City; in case of Job Satisfaction of Administrative Staff, the Leadership Style of Administrative Chief has significant negative correlation with it.
4. The Job Stress of Administrative Staff of Junior High School in Taipei City has significant negative correlation with their Job Satisfaction
5. The Initiating Structure and Consideration variables in Leadership Style have significant negative effect on Job Stress and significant positive effect on Job Satisfaction.
6. The factors affecting Job Stress are all with significant negative effects in all aspects of job satisfaction.
II. Based on the above conclusion, the researcher provide the following suggestions:
1.Suggestions for School Administrative Chief
1) It is of vital importance to know the reality of leadership and the perception of administrative staff for timely adjusting leading moves.
2) It is necessary to design and define clearly the scope of job and extent of duty, so as to minimize work load as much as possible.
3) It is advisable to be familiar with characters and abilities of subordinates, to arrange timely transfer / rotation and to reduce work load as well as offer chance to acquire experience.
4) Offering friendly campus atmosphere and building communication channels will help administrative staff’s involvement in decision making and lighten burdens of staff and leader.
5) Increase Job Satisfaction factors of Administrative Staff to promote the job performance.
2. Suggestions for administration staff of School
1) Establishing adequate working attitude and routines, making sound stress management and adjusting to environment.
2) Establishing life-long learning concept to promote own professional skill and image.
3) Expanding human relationship to actively involve in decision making and be innovative and growth on job.

並列關鍵字

Administrative Chief, Administrative Staff, Leadership Style, Job Stress, Job Satisfaction.

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