龍潭透天民宅火災模擬分析

Fire Simulation and Analysis for a Townhouse in Lung Tan

黃志平(Jr-Ping Huang)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2009.00149

摘要

早期的眷村社區，是台灣特殊的建築物、隨著時代進步、消防意識抬頭，這些舊式建築物設計多半已不符合法令規範。加上這些舊式建築物都有自行加蓋違建之部分，消防安全設備不足，故無法有效地預警及做初期滅火。當一旦火災發生，因屋內多為易燃裝潢材質，往往是造成人命與財產損失最重要的原因。為避免或減少類似災害之發生，因此住宅建築物的火災研究，將是防火工程的重要課題。本案例為龍潭鄉眷村社區3層樓連棟透天民宅，因2樓的房間用木板隔間，衣物、雜物過多，火載量極高造成火災燃燒迅速，2樓往3樓為木製樓梯成為火勢延燒的路徑。3樓屬於違章建築，採密閉式建築沒有頂樓平台可逃生，且因消防栓不足、街道狹窄兩旁停滿車輛、消防車進入不易造成搶救困難，因此不幸造成了人員死亡的悲劇。
根據消防署歷年火災統計資料發現，平均每年住宅火災佔建築物火災比率最高，由於火災的高溫、濃煙及大量的有毒氣體將造成許多家庭破碎及寶貴的生命喪失。因此，本研究以火災之場模式模擬軟體FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)分析「龍潭透天民宅」之火場。研究火場中溫度場、濃度場之分佈與變化，針對不同的參數改變，探討相關參數對火災的關係，以瞭解各參數對人員逃生有何影響，將防火工程的概念用於住宅建築物中來減少類似災害的發生。

關鍵字

火災、數值模擬、場模式

並列摘要

In earlier days, military dependents’ villages were the special architecture in Taiwan. As time passes, people have become more conscious of the importance of fire prevention, and the design of these old villages cannot meet the fire safety regulations/rules any longer. Therefore, alarms and early fire fighting cannot be done effectively. Once a fire occurs, the combustible decoration materials become the fatal cause of casualties and property losses. To avoid the occurrence of similar disasters, fire study for residential building is a critical issue on the fire fighting engineering. A 3-storey townhouse in a military dependents’ village in Lung Tan has been take as an example. On the second floor, room partitions were made of wood. A lot of clothes and miscellaneous stuff piled up with extremely high fire load which burned fast in the fires.The stairs from the 2nd to 3rd floor were made of wood with became the burning path, and on the 3rd floor was an illegal addition, close without top floor platform for escape. Because of insufficient fire hydrants and the narrow street next to the house filled with parking cars. The condition was very difficult for fire engine to access to the rescue, and caused the miserable tragedy finally.
According to the statistics in relating to fire disasters provided by National Fire Agency, residential fire accounts the highest among various types of building fires every year. The high temperature, dense smoke and a great volume of toxic gases caused by fire have led to many broken families and taken away precious lives. Therefore, this paper uses FDS field mode simulation software to analyze the fire scene at the residential townhouse in Lung Tan. The distribution and changes of temperature field and concentration field have been studied in order to discuss the correlation between those parameters and fire so as to explore the effect of parameters on the escape from fire. The result expected that the concept of fire fighting engineering might be applied to residential building fires prevention for reducing the occurrence of similar disasters.

並列關鍵字

Fire, Numerical Simulation , Filed Model

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