台中縣大里太平洋優美第火災模擬

Fire Field Model Simulation for A Residence on City

章素芳(S. F. Chang)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

在人口密集的台灣，高樓層建築顯然成為都市發展的主流趨勢，但高樓火警救災卻是消防隊員最艱鉅的任務之一，隨時都會碰上雲梯車高度不夠，或者水壓不足的問題，這時就得靠人工佈線來送水。地少人稠的台灣為了在有限範圍爭取最大居住空間，一棟棟高聳雲霄的建築方式已成為特色，但如何避免高樓災害發生時所造成的重大人員傷亡及財物損失，做好高樓防火工作與安全措施就更顯重要。
住宅是一般人最為熟悉的活動場所，其潛在的危險卻常被忽略，一般造成住宅火災災害的因素依屬性分為不安全的行為與不安全的環境，可透過防火教育加強防火認知，以矯正不安全的行為；而從材料、設計、檢查、保全等工作減低不安全的環境。因此，從防止起火、避難逃生、控制火災等三方面擬定住宅防火之預防對策，以減低住宅火災之發生數與死傷數，營造安全的生活環境。
本研究是針對位於台中縣大里市現岱路太平洋優美地大樓建築火災案例進行研究與探討，利用FDS 模擬火災發生的情形來探討發生火災時的危險性，並且改變各種不同參數（分析火場在不同情況下大門開口時機、開口大小、撒水器與其數量、防火材質、主火源位置、副火源位置與數量、易燃物數量及電梯活塞效應等不同之參數）來分析建築物之火場變化，並利用其結果：溫度與CO 濃度的變化作為逃生時間之依據，並提供予相關單位參考與改善的方向，進而利用這些資訊可以讓我們平時加強消防觀念及增設消防設施做好防火準備。

關鍵字

場模式、上層溫度、CO濃度

並列摘要

At the population intensive Taiwan, high-rise building has obviously become the essential trend of city development. But high-rise building fire rescue is one of the most difficult missions for firefighters to conquer, sometimes they will meet with a scaling-ladder not enough high, or shortage of water pressure problems, at this time they have to lay pipe lines artificially for sending water. With a narrow ground and dense population in Taiwan, to strive for biggest living space in the limited scope, buildings raise up in the clouds have already become special features. However, how to avoid/reduce serious personnel's casualties and property losses caused in high-rise building fire that is obviously more important in doing good fire prevention works and safety measures.
Residence is the most familiar activity place for ordinary people, but its latent danger is often neglected. The causes of residence fire are divided into insecure behavior and insecure environment according to attribute generally. Through education training can strengthen fire prevention knowledge to correct insecure behavior; and enhance material selection, fire safety design, periodically check, keep good maintenance etc. to eliminate insecure environment. Therefore, to reduce a residence fire and casualty tolls, and build security of living environment, draw up a plan for suppressing fire ignition, personnel flee for their lives, fire control etc. is necessary for fire prevention works.
This research aims at Pacific Ocean daintiness building fire case on Hsien-Dai road in Ta-Li City, Tai-Chung County. for research and uses FDS simulation program to situate fire scenario, and the changes of different parameter (analysis fire field under the different condition main fire source position, vice- fire source position and amount, combustible amount, the different parameters such as opportune moment of the front door opens and elevator piston effect etc.) and offer the time flee for life based on analyzing changes of temperature and CO density. The result provides reference for related organization and the direction of improvement, as well as information for strengthening fire fight idea and facilities to do good fire prevention preparation in peacetime.

並列關鍵字

Field model, Upper layer temperature, CO concentration

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