老人休閒活動促進之研究－ 以桃園縣老人機構為例

A Study of Promotion of Leisure Activities for the Elderly— Focusing on Senior Citizens Welfare Organizations in Taoyuan County

吳浩銘(HAU-MING WU)

指導教授 ： 陳燕禎

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊社會學研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

人類利用剩餘的自由時間處於無拘無束的心理狀態時所進行的活動，就是「休閒」，進行休閒活動時，可以達到生理健康、心理健康與增進社會關係，並且滿足自我實現的需求，得到成就感與自信心。
本研究依據法令規範作為界定老人福利機構的類型，將桃園縣老人福利機構類型分為：大型機構、中型機構、小型機構三種類別。本研究採用質化研究法，共針對9家機構管理階層的經營者與主管，3位專職社工人員，4位機構內的老人進行半結構性深度訪談，依據相關理論來檢視機構內推行的休閒活動對老人的休閒效益，並歸納出影響老人參與休閒活動的因素、機構推動休閒活動時會面臨的休閒障礙與機構經營的模式。
研究結果顯示，一、機構內提供的休閒活動都可以產生休閒效益，只要老人願意參與休閒活動都可以帶來休閒效益。二、機構內的老人是無聲的一群，機構內的老人將休閒活動的規劃都交由機構代為安排，鮮少提出自己的需求。三、老人本身的條件中，除了生理與心理狀況造成的絕對影響外，老人的人際關係對老人參與休閒活動的影響最大。四、機構的規模造成各類型機構資源的不同，擁有資源雖然是提供休閒活動的保證，但是機構影響老人最大的因素來自經營者是否具有使命感。五、未來機構的經營應朝向社區式的複合型老人福利機構，並進行策略聯盟，不但可以降低經營成本，更可為老人提供更優質的服務。

關鍵字

老人福利機構 ； 休閒活動 ； 休閒障礙 ； 休閒效益

並列摘要

Since the amendment of Senior Citizen Welfare Law in 1997, small-scale private welfare organizations have been permitted to run without the registration as a foundation. Senior citizens welfare organizations, once dominated by the government, thus regained their market functions, and various kinds of organizations have been instituted ever since. In a review of studies related to senior citizen welfare organizations, it was discovered that differences in the management of senior citizen welfare organizations in Taoyuan County has not been investigated so far. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the current management and development of senior citizen welfare organizations in Taoyuan County and probe into the differences in the management of organizations at different institutional scales. The study further applied the differences to construct management models of senior citizen welfare organizations in Taoyuan County and provide contributive suggestions and feasible opinions to managers of these organizations, so as to enhance the service quality of senior citizen welfare organizations in Taoyuan County.
According to legal regulations and current operations of senior citizen welfare organizations, the senior citizen welfare organizations in Taoyuan County were classified into large-scale organizations, medium-scale organizations, and small-scale organizations. Based on the qualitative research method, this study conducted semi-structural in-depth interviews with the managers of 8 organizations and administrators in the County Government. Based on the collected data, the current management of these organizations was analyzed, and related theories were applied to examine the internal and external interactions of these organizations.
The research findings showed significant differences in the management of organizations at different institutional scales, and the sense of mission is the major factor for the differences in the management. Whether having sufficient resources or not, managers with a strong sense of mission would succeed in their management. If managers of these welfare organizations had insufficient sense of mission, even provided with sufficient resources, the quality of their organizations is still normal. When their sense of mission is absent, and resources are insufficient, the provided service quality will be the worst. In addition to the sense of mission, resource, professional ability, and innovative capability are secondary factors for the differences in the management. For the construction of management models, it was induced that (1) small-scale organizations are mainly based on ideal, sense of mission, and dependence models; (2) most of the medium-scale organizations are based on the dependence model, and some on the stability model; (3) most of the large-scale organizations are based on the stability model, and some on the ideal model.

並列關鍵字

senior citizen welfare organization ； management ； interactive relationship ； sense of mission ； institutional scale

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