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  • 學位論文

兩岸在文化及工作態度與價值觀下管理方式

Comparing Analysis of Management Patterns Based on Culture, Work Attitude and Value between Taiwan and Mainland China

指導教授 : 陳筱琪
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摘要


本研究專注於台商在中國大陸與台灣兩地經營之管理方式差異。台灣自1990年起,廠商陸續將經營佈局焦點轉往中國大陸,廠商的類型亦從早期的傳統製造業者,擴展到近期的通路服務;不過,雖有部分台商運用中國優勢,創造企業成長或新機,但「一代功臣萬骨枯」,多數的廠商則是遇到許多困難與衝突而折損,如燦坤、新光三越等。由此可見,同文同種雖是多數人認知台商於中國大陸投資經營的優勢,唯台商對中國社會文化與價值觀的實地經驗是否一致,故本研究透過衡量兩地文化對工作態度與價值觀所帶來的影響,加以探討兩岸經營管理方式之差異。 本研究經由文獻整理,歸納出兩岸國家文化可分為個人主義/群體主義、權力 距離、不確定性避免、陽剛文化/陰柔文化、普遍性/獨特性、中立/情緒、成就/歸因、特定性/廣泛性與長期適應性,並以此九項國家文化作為干擾變項。此外,本研究以廣東深圳地區之台商為研究對象,採取T檢定與迴歸分析探討不同國家文化下之工作態度與價值觀對管理方式之影響。 研究結果顯示,台商在兩岸採取之管理方式是有差異地,在台灣大多採取指導型管理、支援型管理、成就導向管理與參與式管理,而在中國大陸則是採行支援型管理、參與式管理與官僚式管理。研究發現兩岸員工之工作態度、價值觀與管理方式會隨著國家文化不同有所差異,其中,台灣唯有在文化的「不確定性避免程度」上有顯著性,但中國大陸則在「權力距離」、「不確定性避免程度」、「陽剛/陰柔文化」、「普遍性/獨立性」、「中立/情緒」與「成就/歸因」的文化性質上都顯示對工作態度、價值觀與管理方式造成影響。文化會影響價值觀,而價值觀會影響員工之工作態度,因此,從本研究的結果得知,工作態度與價值觀的部份表現造成兩岸採取不同的管理方式,其中,面對員工態度屬於工作投入時,台商主管在台灣會採行支援型管理,但在中國大陸則須採取官僚式管理;若員工態度上產生組織認同,於台灣會實施成就導向管理,中國大陸則採行支援型管理或參與式管理,此外,台灣員工更發展出職業認同,因此,台商主管會採用支援型、成就導向或參與式管理。另一方面,兩岸皆發展具有尊敬他人的價值觀,唯在台灣適合指導型管理,中國大陸則適合採行指導型、成就導向或官僚式管理。因此,台商佈局中國大陸之際,應考慮兩岸文化差異,造就出員工不同之工作態度與價值觀,針對台灣與中國大陸員工之管理方式有所調整;期望本研究對於員工之工作態度、價值觀與管理方式關係之研究,能作為台商管理中國之參考。

並列摘要


This research focuses the difference of management employed by Taiwanese enterprise between the strait. More companies had encountered many difficulties and barriers, contributing to their loss there. Thus, the operational advantage because of same race/language is commonly known by people, actually the differences of social, cultural, values features probably exist to much extent. This study explores the difference of managerial approaches between the strait by means of comparing the work attitude and values of the two territories. Through collection and sorting of relative literatures, it demonstrates that the cultures between the strait can be categorized into individual or the group, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and femininity, common/uniqueness, neutral/emotional, achievement/attribution, special/expansive and long term adaption, hence, this study uses the 9 nations’ culture factors as disturbing variables. Further, it treated the work attitude and values as the research subjects, thereby exploring the effects of work attitude and values on managerial strategies, and the managers of Taiwanese enterprises located in Guan Dong Province played as the research subjects, thereby adopting T square test and Regression analysis to discover such difference. The result shows that most Taiwanese firms use instructive, supporting, achievement-orientation, and involvement administration, while they employ supporting, involvement and bureaucracy managements in China. The research finds that the work attitude, values and managerial methods may differ depending on the different features of national culture. The research shows that work attitude and values will cause different management philosophy; as work attitude is job engagement, Taiwanese managers will employ support management, while they may use bureaucracy management in China; as work attitude is organization identification, they may use achievement-orientation while support and involvement in China. Besides, Taiwanese supervisors will adopt support, achievement-orientation even for Taiwanese employee with sense of job identification. In other aspect, employees in two areas demonstrate the sense of respecting others, among them, an instructive management is suitable for Taiwanese while instructive, achievement-orientation and bureaucracy fit the Chinese. Consequently, before deploying in China, Taiwanese firms should take the social/cultural differences into account which may generate various work attitudes and values, thereby adjusting their managerial strategies properly.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


胡思元(2017)。以中華文化為本建立新儒商永續經營之道:以博而美關係企業為例〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700130
陳金桃(2011)。分析高科技企業台幹與陸幹之工作態度,工作價值觀與激勵制度〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201100470

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