應用ANP方法分析台灣太陽能產業的競爭優勢

Applying ANP to Develop the Strategy of Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Taiwan Photovoltaic Industry

魏力緯(Lee-Wei Wei)

指導教授 ： 陳宜棻

中原大學/商學院/國際貿易研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200901017

摘要

隨著人類世界的發展，科技不斷地進步，也造成對地球環境的汙染。溫室效應對於氣候的變遷加上石油存量的逐年減少，使得人類開始探索下一個可以使用的能源。近幾年來，再生能源的話題持續發燒，許多國家開始大量興建再生能源建設以求未來不備之需。近幾年台灣太陽能產業的蓬勃發展，造成熱烈的討論。亦有許多相關研究對此產業做深入的探討，但以科學管理方法來研究的並不多。有鑒於此，本研究以資源基礎理論(RBV)為基礎，建立量化研究的架構來分析台灣太陽能產業的競爭優勢。資源基礎理論提到企業因各持有不同的資源及能力而適合發展不同的策略。而策略與資源、能力適當的整合，造就了別人所無法模仿的持續競爭優勢(SCA)。因此，我們首先使用SWOT分析來研究台灣太陽能產業的現況，接著擬訂出網路分析法(ANP)架構。經由專家訪談法修正且確定ANP架構後，設計並發送專家問卷，並利用回收的問卷計算出各項準則間之權重，最後選出最適策略。

本研究結果發現，商品多角化(Product Diversification)占了最高的權重，可視為日後台灣太陽能產業發展之最適策略。本研究亦進一步對ANP架構中的次準則權重做探討，發現台灣太陽能產業在發展過程中，技術層面占了很大的比重，代表未來在成功發展商品多角化、增加太陽能產品應用範圍之餘，太陽能技術的進步程度是不可或缺的一項重要因素。本研究的貢獻在於透過準確的量化數據決定適當之策略，其研究結果可作為台灣太陽能廠商在決定未來方針時之參考。

關鍵字

太陽能 ； 持續競爭優勢(SCA) ； 網路分析法(ANP) ； SWOT分析 ； 專家訪談法

並列摘要

With the development of human civilization, the pollution has badly damaged our environment. According to the statistics of department of energy of USA, the stock of crude oil of the world is only 43 years available, liquefied natural gas is 62 years available, while coal is around 230 years available. Finally, the uranium which used for producing nuclear energy is only 64 years available. Unfortunately, we just start to know how important to have a clean and pure environment in recent years. Owing to the climate change caused by the greenhouse effect and the decreasing of stock of oil, combined with the agreement of Kyoto protocol, humans have been starting to search for the next resources available for the next decades. Recently, the renewable resources characterized by no pollution have caught the world’s attention. Therefore, the issues about using renewable resources have become popular; many countries are enthusiastic about developing renewable resources in order to solve the energy problem in the future.

The issue of the booming in Taiwan Photovoltaic (PV) industry has also been popularly discussed in recent years. Many previous researches have discussed this issue deeply, but rare of them applied a scientific management to analyze. Therefore, this research constructed a structure based on Resource Based View (RBV), trying to find out the sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) of Taiwan PV industry by using a quantitative analysis. In RBV theory, each firm with their own resources and capacities can create the SCA by combing with an appropriate strategy. Thus, to better understand the situation of Taiwan PV industry, we first applied SWOT analysis to depict the situation of Taiwan PV industry. Then, the initial ANP structure is drafted according to the result of SWOT analysis. After interviewed with experts, the ANP structure was confirmed and the questionnaire was designed. We used the data collected from the questionnaire to calculate the weightings of criteria of the ANP structure by applying a software called super decision. Finally, the most appropriate strategy was selected by comparing the weightings.

The result found that the product diversification strategy is the most appropriate strategy for Taiwan PV firms to develop in the future. This research further analyzed the weightings of sub-criteria and found that during the development of PV industry, the technologies play an important role, which means besides widen the applications of PV products; the improvements of PV technologies are also a crucial factor to assess the SCA. We also found the existing of competitors, trade barrier, and tax levy are also crucial factors that firms can not control but may influence the development of PV industry. Finally, this research also made some suggestions for government as well in order to support the growth of PV industry effectively. The contribution of this research is developed an appropriate strategy through an accurately quantitative data to increase the reliability. The result can suggest Taiwan PV firms how to expand their business in the future so as to obtain the SCA among the world competition.

並列關鍵字

Solar energy ； Analytic Network Process (ANP) ； Sustainab

參考文獻

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